'Black Friday\r'

'The phenomenon of ghastly Fri twenty- quaternarysome hour period restless city streets, hour-long lines, and retail store chaos: solitary(prenominal) 1 scenario explains the commonality mingled with these situations, shop on sour Fri daylight. For half a century down(p) Friday has produce an un enchant official retail holiday in the United States. It is a day that offers incredible discounts and movement of death deals, and close to notoriously, it brings a frenzy of crazed shoppers to local anesthetic retail merchants counting to save on purchases.Marketing strategies, paired with consumers’ impoverishment to locate the best deals on Christmas gifts has led to low-spirited Friday being celebrated as a white plague ritual comparable in importance to gracility twenty-four hour period. (Thomas and Peters, 2011) How has disastrous Friday shape the longst retail gross gross sales day of the year? What is it that drives population to artifici whollyy in duced hyper white plague, close like an annual ritual? Mevery scientist and psychologists meet many protestent theories and conclusions of why slow Friday has become the biggest obtain day of the year.In this paper, I volition motor your through the research and conclusions that many psychologists use up produced and the advantages and disadvantages of minacious Friday. Dr. Stephanie Sarkis, Ph. D. explored the work of Jane Boyd Thomas and Cara Peters, profs at South Carolinas Winthrop University, who spend deuce years in research attempt to find common traits in erosive Friday shoppers. They conducted cardinal extensive interviews with â€Å" deliverd” shadowy Friday shoppers and found four recurring themes: 1. Familial s oldishering (multiple generations and close friends) 2. strategical planning . The great race 4. Mission consummate solely how do the four themes they came up with touch to 1 an early(a)? Thomas and Peters figured that all the traits whe n examine to procureher showed one commonality. They wrote, â€Å"the traits ar change integrity around a armed services metaphor, and is a bonding activity Shoppers prep argon for the ritual by see cruddy Friday ads, and they map out their strategy. ” (Sarkis 2011) In essence, the family is a type of team that s shadowers adds, plans their route and potential purchases, executes their plans by buying products, and rejoices in their accomplishments.When all of these traits atomic number 18 examine individually, they mean little to main the main outcome, bonding. tho when all the traits are looked at collectively, they all domiciliate to the overall success and goal of bonding. Besides big(p) us a irruptdown of bonding activities, the outline also shows how the mediocre consumer plan for smutty Friday. secure as Sarkis found themes that make up this phalanx metaphor, Byun, professor of consumer affairs at Auburn University came up with her own theory on why peck react the way they do on melanize Friday. Crowds create a intellect of competition †much(prenominal) as when hundreds of shoppers are rushing to collect marked-down goods †they regress a different feeling entirely. Competition creates what’s called hedonic shopping value, or a soul of frolic from the mere process of buying goods. At certain levels, consumers enjoy arousal and challenges during the shopping process. ” (Khazan 2011) In essence what Byun is saying is consumers come out more use of goods and services because the bunchs create an obstacle, which hinders the execution of the plans and preparations made. The crowds make getting what they expect harder, which creates more value for the goods purchased. exactly if as Byun noted that crowds get to the faint Friday Craze, Kelly McGonigal, Ph. D. describes an an some other(prenominal) factors that plays a big expound in the â€Å" barren Friday frenzy”. Retailers, she notes, us e progressive designs to lure customers into their stores and keep them in that respect. McGonigal says â€Å" fourth dimension pressure sales on limited products or scarce re themes” triggers a negative physiological affect on the consumer. scarceness for a certain commodity creates a begin of urgency to act now, a natural soul to survive. This survival reason croup be tie to hunting for some citizenry. dismal Friday is â€Å"hunting for women,” said Leisa Reinecke Flynn, professor of marketing and fashion merchandising at the University of grey Mississippi. â€Å"It’s so much like cervid hunting it’s hard to tell the dickens a partially. ” (Khazan 2011) Unfortunately, shopping on low Friday is not incite by survival instincts or a action in death situation. This paradox stimulates un normal behaviour in consumers that creates disadvantages and potential dangers for those that are not packs into the hunt. The concept of color Friday creates a â€Å"perfect thrust” for consumer mis behavior.Misbehavior, as defined by Lennon, Johnson, and Lee is, â€Å"acts that come apart accepted norms of conduct in in bow contexts. ” (Lennon, Johnson, Lee, 2011) This peremptory behavior, or absolute utilisation, feeds off of the idea of scarcity. It induces race to act inappropriately harming others and much themselves. â€Å"For many, if not almost imperious purchasers, buying is a reaction to seek or unpleasant situations. Compulsive economic utilisation is a type of consumer behavior which is inappropriate, typically excessive, and clearly riotous to the lives of other individuals. (Ronald, Thomas, and Raymond 1987) Both hunting and shopping attach on long-standing traditions and generally involve pursuing a goal as a group. Whether the group very hits its target is secondary to the fun of the chase. Hunting and shopping as shown above are very nearly linked and motivate by the idea o f scarcity. upright like there are limited cervid in the forest, there are limited goods in the stores. The turn out is paradoxical in nature. People are fraudulently deceived into acting authoritatively. (Herpen, Pieters and Zeelenberg 2005) on the button as Ronald, Thomas, and Raymond concluded that compulsive behavior negatively affects the lives of others, Peter McGraw, Ph. D. drew a similar union. He focuses more on sociable trends and pressures being the root of the problem. In The Link among gracility gula and gloomy Friday Insanity, McGraw makes a confederation between pitch blackness Friday shopping and grace Dinner. He explores the idea that once a year, tidy sum exit consume more calories in one meal, than the average person consumes on a normal day.The beside day they wake up, or sometimes not sleeping at all, and go shopping for hours on end. (McGraw and Warner 2011) Dr. McGraw’s research shows us that in a short period of forty eights hour there is over consumption of food on Thanks well-favored and the hyper consumption or shopping on sear Friday. McGraw believes that the cause of this phenomenon is brotherly knead and pressure. He writes, â€Å" integrity of the hallmarks of psychological science is that we are fixd by the actions of others†a lot more so than wed like to admit.Sometimes were impelled to bear off cocksure actions, much(prenominal) as switching to recyclable bags or cutting down on littering. other times, social influence can be sooner a negative. When it comes to boon and Black Friday, unfortunately, the influences skew more toward speculative than good. ” (McGraw and Warner 2011) In other words McGraw places responsibility of hyper consumption on social trends, pressures, and even perhaps familial rituals for the ever-popular Black Friday. Another concept of Black Friday is one of mutual benefit for both consumer and retailer.Consumers’ benefit from ample discounts on all sort s of items including clothing, electronics, furniture, and literally any other commodity available on the market. Retailers’ benefit by getting out of the red zone, finally fashioning a profit for the fiscal year. The opportunities available on Black Friday is what drove 212 million shoppers to stores during Black Friday spend in 2011. (Wilson, 2010) Retailers experience surging sales during Black Friday and the days that follow. This monetary benefit is what drives their extensive advance and deal offerings, further influencing the consumer’s willingness to par curb in the shopping frenzy.In a society where a confederation or business’s main pattern is to grow profits for the benefit of its shareholders, a association’s number one heading is to summation sales, in suppose to append profits. According to a New York Times denomination written by Adam Davidson, approximately one fifth of retailer’s total annual sales are made during the ho liday shopping season. (Davidson, 2011) In conclusion, we can see that shopping on Black Friday brings masses together in one way or another. For some, it brings people together in a positivistic way.Families and friends are able to work as a team who plan, prepare and execute their plans to achieve their goals. For others, Black Friday shoppers experience the negative affects of other people’s behavior. There are also advantages and disadvantages for both the consumer and retailer. Consumers get amazingly cheap prices on products while retailers experience a massive surge in sales. nevertheless one may look at Black Friday, it is a day that cannot be ignored. It’s influence and popularity are ever growing and expanding. Reference varlet Davidson, Adam. The Black Friday Effect: Let’s bugger off the Economy with Inflation. ” The New York Times, 16 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Herpen, true heath van, Rik Pieters, and Marcel Zeelenberg (2005) ,”How Product scarceness Impacts on re artificial lake: Snob and Bandwagon Effects”, in Advances in Consumer query Volume 32, eds. Geeta Menon and Akshay R. Rao, Advances in Consumer explore Volume 32 : draw for Consumer Research, scalawags: 623-624. Faber, J. Ronald, O’Guinn, C Thomas, and Krych, Raymond. (1987) â€Å"Compulsive drug addiction”, in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 14, eds.Melanie Wallendorf and capital of Minnesota Anderson, Advances in Consumer Research Volume 14: tie beam for Sonsumer Research, Pages: 132-135. McGonigal, Kelly, Ph. D. â€Å"The Science of Willpower. ” Comments on â€Å"Black Friday Shopping: How Stores expenditure Psychology to Fill Your Cart” N. p. , 19 Nov. 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . McGraw, Peter, Ph. D. , and Warner, Joel. â€Å"The Humor Code. ” The Link between Thanksgiving gula and Black Friday Insanity. N. p. , 21 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . Ridgwar, Nicole, â€Å"Black Friday gross sales Hit Record. ” CNNMoney. Cable News Netwrok, 26 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Sarkis, Stephanie, Ph. D. â€Å"Here, There, and Everywhere. ” Black Friday: A Collective expenditure Ritual. N. p. , 20 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . Thomas, Jane Boyd, and Peters, Cara. (2011) â€Å"An exploratory investigation of Black Friday consumption rituals”, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 39 Iss: 7, pp. 522 †537 Wallendorf, M. , Arnould, E. â€Å"We gather together: consumption rituals of Thanksgiving twenty-four hour period”, in Journal of Consumer Research, (1991) Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 13-31. Wilson, April. â€Å"By the Numbers: Black Friday Shoppers and Their Impact on the Economy. ” The Luckie ReTink Tank. 23 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct 2012. .\r\nBlack Friday\r\nThe three stemmas to be compared are all in relation to the events that occurred on â€Å"Black Friday”, particularly surrounding the conduct of the metropolitan patrol. pedigree 10, taken from â€Å"The Times” newsprint shews the view that the law of nature were more victims of the women and raiders that they were assay to control, and that it took some effort to save the women that were protesting on that day.Whereas extension 11, taken from a enumeration that was sent to the home office after ‘Black Friday” give ways the view that the police were acting violently towards the women protesting and that the women in this situation were the victims. Source 12, a narrative from a suffragette who participated in â€Å"Black Friday” presents a similar reliance to that in source 11, indicating that the woman in marvel received several injuries from a police officer.The events that occurred on â€Å"Black Friday” and the conduct of the police sire been under dispute by many historians, which some pickings the side of source 10, and others agreeing more with the recollections presented in sources 11 and 12- it can thusly be surroundd how much sources 11 and 12 challenge the view contained in source 10 most the conduct of the police on â€Å"Black Friday”. Source 10, taken from â€Å"The Times’ newspaper on 19th November 1910 is an extract from a root word covering the events of what eventually became known as â€Å"Black Friday”.It presents the view that the police â€Å"kept their temper very well’ towards â€Å"the ladies who flung themselves a lay downst (them)”. It also speaks of how â€Å"several police had their helmets knocked off in carrying out their duty” and later mentions that â€Å"one was disabled by a kick on the ankle” and another â€Å"was cut on the grimace by a belt” therefore implying that the women who were present on Black Friday were acting violently towards the police, and that any rough handling of the police towards the protesters was only in response to the treatment they were receiving.It could be said then, that this oblige presents the police in a positive elation and shows the suffragettes to be the ones at fault on â€Å"Black Friday” which comes as no surprise given that the article comes from â€Å"The Times”- a newspaper that would shake off been in the first place aimed at educated men, and its invention therefore would have been to share the sagacity that women were out of control and lacked the arrogance to receive the vote. Source 11 on the other hand disagrees with the view presented in source source 10.It is an extract from a memorandum by the parliamentary Conciliation Committee for Women’s Suffrage send to the Home Office after â€Å"Black Friday”. It agrees with the source ten in the perceive that it admits a â€Å" drear struggle” occurred between the police and the suffragettes, but it disagrees with source 10 because it presents the view that it was the police acting violently towards the wom en, who it says were â€Å"flung hither and thither amid moving traffic, and into the hands of a crows which was sometimes rough and indecent”.This opinion is presented because the purpose of the memorandum sent to the home office was to request a public doubt into the conduct of the police on â€Å"Black Friday”, because they did not follow their â€Å"usual course of action” which â€Å"would have been to arrest the women on a charge of obstruction” but they â€Å"had been instructed to avoid, as far as possible, do any arrests” which is why, the women argue that the police were so violent.Also, this article presents the events of â€Å"Black Friday” in such a different light, because it was written by those who sympathized with Suffragettes and therefore stick uped them, the Committee was set up in 1910 to encourage support for women’s suffrage, so it would have fatalityed to make the actions of the police look gravely in ord er to gain support for the women who were protesting. Similar to source 11, Source 12, from a statement by a 60 year old suffragette who had participated in the demonstration on â€Å"Black Friday” is of the opinion that it was the police who acted incorrectly during the events, and not the women protesting.The suffragette talks about how she was â€Å"seized by several policemen” and how â€Å"one twisted (her) powerful arm behind (her) back with such brute(prenominal) force that (she) really thought he would break it”. She also mentions that â€Å"another policeman gave (her) a wicked blow in (her) back, which sent (her) whirling into the crowd”- clearly presenting the view that the police were acting violently and out of conduct towards the women and as a result disputing the viewpoint held in source 10. tho, it must be taken into consideration the purpose of this statement, which was a testament before the Parliamentary Conciliation Committee for W omen’s Suffrage, who we know from source 11 sympathized with suffragettes and were trying to gain support from them. Therefore, the women who gave this testament would have been trying to give as much evidence against the police as possible in order for the Committee to have a case against the police and order for an inquiry to be made.In addition to this, it was the aim of suffragettes at time to create as much publicity towards their cause as they could, whether good or no-account, they wanted attention, and by complaining about the police it would have extensive the time that â€Å"Black Friday” was publicized in the media which was what they wanted. In conclusion, sources 11 and 12, which present the view that it was the police who acted wrongly on â€Å"Black Friday” disagree with the view presented in source 10, which is that it was the women who were at fault.This is because the purpose of both sources 11 and 12 was to create sympathy for the suffragett es in order to gain support for their cause, whereas source 10 was aimed at an audience who did not support women’s suffrage, and by publishing an article presenting women in a bad light, â€Å"The Times” newspaper would have been ensuring that it’s readers remained loyal. Although sources 11 and 12 agree with source 10 in the fact that a violent dispute took place, they differ in opinion of who was the victim in the situation, therefore sources 11 and 12 challenge the view presented in source 10 about the conduct of the police on â€Å"Black Friday”.\r\nBlack Friday\r\nThe phenomenon of Black Friday sprightly city streets, hour-long lines, and retail store chaos: only one scenario explains the commonality between these situations, shopping on Black Friday. For half a century Black Friday has become an unofficial retail holiday in the United States. It is a day that offers incredible discounts and slayer deals, and most notoriously, it brings a frenzy o f crazed shoppers to local retailers looking to save on purchases.Marketing strategies, paired with consumers’ need to locate the best deals on Christmas gifts has led to Black Friday being celebrated as a consumption ritual comparable in importance to Thanksgiving Day. (Thomas and Peters, 2011) How has Black Friday become the largest retail sales day of the year? What is it that drives people to artificially induced hyper consumption, to the highest degree like an annual ritual? Many scientist and psychologists have many different theories and conclusions of why Black Friday has become the biggest shopping day of the year.In this paper, I will take your through the research and conclusions that many psychologists have produced and the advantages and disadvantages of Black Friday. Dr. Stephanie Sarkis, Ph. D. explored the work of Jane Boyd Thomas and Cara Peters, professors at South Carolinas Winthrop University, who washed-out two years in research trying to find common tr aits in Black Friday shoppers. They conducted 38 extensive interviews with â€Å"experienced” Black Friday shoppers and found four recurring themes: 1. Familial bonding (multiple generations and close friends) 2. strategical planning . The great race 4. Mission arrant(a) But how do the four themes they came up with relate to one another? Thomas and Peters figured that all the traits when analyzed together showed one commonality. They wrote, â€Å"the traits are merge around a military metaphor, and is a bonding activity Shoppers prepare for the ritual by scan Black Friday ads, and they map out their strategy. ” (Sarkis 2011) In essence, the family is a type of team that scans adds, plans their route and potential purchases, executes their plans by buying products, and rejoices in their accomplishments.When all of these traits are analyzed individually, they mean little to main the main outcome, bonding. But when all the traits are looked at collectively, they all convey to the overall success and goal of bonding. Besides giving us a breakdown of bonding activities, the compend also shows how the average consumer plan for Black Friday. Just as Sarkis found themes that make up this military metaphor, Byun, professor of consumer affairs at Auburn University came up with her own theory on why people react the way they do on Black Friday. Crowds create a sense of competition †such as when hundreds of shoppers are rushing to collect marked-down goods †they contract a different feeling entirely. Competition creates what’s called hedonic shopping value, or a sense of enjoyment from the mere process of buying goods. At certain levels, consumers enjoy arousal and challenges during the shopping process. ” (Khazan 2011) In essence what Byun is saying is consumers get more enjoyment because the crowds create an obstacle, which hinders the execution of the plans and preparations made. The crowds make getting what they want harder, which creates more value for the goods purchased.Just as Byun noted that crowds reach to the Black Friday Craze, Kelly McGonigal, Ph. D. describes another factors that plays a big part in the â€Å"Black Friday frenzy”. Retailers, she notes, use advance(a) designs to lure customers into their stores and keep them there. McGonigal says â€Å"time pressure sales on limited products or scarce resources” triggers a negative physiological affect on the consumer. Scarcity for a certain commodity creates a sense of urgency to act now, a natural instinct to survive. This survival instinct can be colligate to hunting for some people.Black Friday is â€Å"hunting for women,” said Leisa Reinecke Flynn, professor of marketing and fashion merchandising at the University of gray Mississippi. â€Å"It’s so much like deer hunting it’s hard to tell the two apart. ” (Khazan 2011) Unfortunately, shopping on Black Friday is not motivated by survival insti ncts or a deportment in death situation. This paradox stimulates unusual behavior in consumers that creates disadvantages and potential dangers for those that are not unavoidably into the hunt. The concept of Black Friday creates a â€Å"perfect do” for consumer misbehavior.Misbehavior, as defined by Lennon, Johnson, and Lee is, â€Å"acts that delight accepted norms of conduct in consumption contexts. ” (Lennon, Johnson, Lee, 2011) This compulsive behavior, or compulsive consumption, feeds off of the idea of scarcity. It induces people to act inappropriately harming others and often themselves. â€Å"For many, if not most compulsive purchasers, buying is a reaction to render or unpleasant situations. Compulsive consumption is a type of consumer behavior which is inappropriate, typically excessive, and clearly churning to the lives of other individuals. (Ronald, Thomas, and Raymond 1987) Both hunting and shopping attach on long-standing traditions and generally involve pursuing a goal as a group. Whether the group real hits its target is secondary to the fun of the chase. Hunting and shopping as shown above are very fast linked and motivated by the idea of scarcity. Just like there are limited deer in the forest, there are limited goods in the stores. The result is paradoxical in nature. People are fraudulently deceived into acting compulsively. (Herpen, Pieters and Zeelenberg 2005)Just as Ronald, Thomas, and Raymond concluded that compulsive behavior negatively affects the lives of others, Peter McGraw, Ph. D. drew a similar connection. He focuses more on social trends and pressures being the root of the problem. In The Link between Thanksgiving Gluttony and Black Friday Insanity, McGraw makes a connection between Black Friday shopping and Thanksgiving Dinner. He explores the idea that once a year, people will consume more calories in one meal, than the average person consumes on a normal day.The neighboring day they wake up, or somet imes not sleeping at all, and go shopping for hours on end. (McGraw and Warner 2011) Dr. McGraw’s research shows us that in a short period of forty eights hour there is over consumption of food on Thanksgiving and the hyper consumption or shopping on Black Friday. McGraw believes that the cause of this phenomenon is social influence and pressure. He writes, â€Å" matchless of the hallmarks of psychological science is that we are influenced by the actions of othersâ€often more so than wed like to admit.Sometimes were impelled to take positive actions, such as switching to utile bags or cutting down on littering. separate times, social influence can be quite negative. When it comes to Thanksgiving and Black Friday, unfortunately, the influences skew more toward bad than good. ” (McGraw and Warner 2011) In other words McGraw places responsibility of hyper consumption on social trends, pressures, and even perhaps familial rituals for the ever-popular Black Friday. An other concept of Black Friday is one of mutual benefit for both consumer and retailer.Consumers’ benefit from large discounts on all sorts of items including clothing, electronics, furniture, and literally any other commodity available on the market. Retailers’ benefit by getting out of the red zone, finally making a profit for the fiscal year. The opportunities available on Black Friday is what drove 212 million shoppers to stores during Black Friday spend in 2011. (Wilson, 2010) Retailers experience surging sales during Black Friday and the days that follow. This monetary benefit is what drives their extensive furtherance and deal offerings, further influencing the consumer’s willingness to partake in the shopping frenzy.In a society where a tidy sum or business’s main purpose is to grow profits for the benefit of its shareholders, a confederation’s number one purpose is to increase sales, in order to increase profits. According to a New York Times article written by Adam Davidson, approximately one fifth of retailer’s total annual sales are made during the holiday shopping season. (Davidson, 2011) In conclusion, we can see that shopping on Black Friday brings people together in one way or another. For some, it brings people together in a positive way.Families and friends are able to work as a team who plan, prepare and execute their plans to achieve their goals. For others, Black Friday shoppers experience the negative affects of other people’s behavior. There are also advantages and disadvantages for both the consumer and retailer. Consumers get amazingly cheap prices on products while retailers experience a massive surge in sales. However one may look at Black Friday, it is a day that cannot be ignored. It’s influence and popularity are ever growing and expanding. Reference Page Davidson, Adam. The Black Friday Effect: Let’s puddle the Economy with Inflation. ” The New York Times, 1 6 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Herpen, true heath van, Rik Pieters, and Marcel Zeelenberg (2005) ,”How Product Scarcity Impacts on natural selection: Snob and Bandwagon Effects”, in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 32, eds. Geeta Menon and Akshay R. Rao, Advances in Consumer Research Volume 32 : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 623-624. Faber, J. Ronald, O’Guinn, C Thomas, and Krych, Raymond. (1987) â€Å"Compulsive Consumption”, in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 14, eds.Melanie Wallendorf and capital of Minnesota Anderson, Advances in Consumer Research Volume 14: Association for Sonsumer Research, Pages: 132-135. McGonigal, Kelly, Ph. D. â€Å"The Science of Willpower. ” Comments on â€Å"Black Friday Shopping: How Stores utilization Psychology to Fill Your Cart” N. p. , 19 Nov. 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . McGraw, Peter, Ph. D. , and Warner, Joel. â€Å"The Humor Code. ” The Link between Thanksgiving Gluttony and B lack Friday Insanity. N. p. , 21 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . Ridgwar, Nicole, â€Å"Black Friday gross sales Hit Record. ” CNNMoney. Cable News Netwrok, 26 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. Sarkis, Stephanie, Ph. D. â€Å"Here, There, and Everywhere. ” Black Friday: A Collective Consumption Ritual. N. p. , 20 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2012. . Thomas, Jane Boyd, and Peters, Cara. (2011) â€Å"An exploratory investigation of Black Friday consumption rituals”, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 39 Iss: 7, pp. 522 †537 Wallendorf, M. , Arnould, E. â€Å"We gather together: consumption rituals of Thanksgiving Day”, in Journal of Consumer Research, (1991) Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 13-31. Wilson, April. â€Å"By the Numbers: Black Friday Shoppers and Their Impact on the Economy. ” The Luckie ReTink Tank. 23 Nov. 2011. Web. 30 Oct 2012. .\r\n'