Dwi case with multiple fatalities Essay

Driving while being intoxicated is a serious crime. This becomes more serious when the charge is juxtaposed with multiple fatalities including DWI charges. These charges include underage driving, underage drinking, resisting against arrest and public damage. (Kar, 145) Such an incident took place in Middletown in 1999. This is a perfect example of the multiple fatalities while driving. Henry Bitchel was 15 when he crashed his 1966 Ford on a public telephone booth. The officer in charge booked the offence and tried to measure his blood alcohol level suspecting him being drunk. To this Henry resisted and thus offence was created against the law. However with the help of force the officer registered the blood alcohol level was placed in a much higher than the permissible level. (King, 126) Thus four major charges were lodged against Henry. The first was of underage driving without a valid license, the second charge was underage drinking as he was 15 years of age. The third was resisting arrest and it should be stated that Henry could have well done without this one. The last one was damage of public property in form of a telephone booth. The fifth and the main issue that was charged against Henry was the case of drinking while driving. (Lamb, 243-245) It should be noted that the law is enforced for the betterment of civic society and the good of the civilians. Therefore it is evident that the citizen should follow these rules. Otherwise, as in the case of Henry, there could be multiple fatalities including DWI charges and that is a must avoidable scenario. Works Cited: Kar, P; History of US Automobile Market (Kolkata: Dasgupta & Chatterjee 2005) pp 145 King, H; Civic Fitness Today (Dunedin: HBT & Brooks Ltd. 2005) pp 126 Lamb, Davis; Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata. (Wellington: National Book Trust. 2004) pp 243-245

The prevention of leakage in water resources

A PROPOSAL FOR RISK MANAGEMENT OF PREVENTION OF LEAKAGE IN WATER RESOURCES WITH THE INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM IN WATER CORPORATION AUSTRALIA AbstractionThe Water Corporation in Australia is confronting a job of H2O escape somewhat above the targeted bound. The chief ground behind it is the clip consumed in describing any escape and explosion. This is due to miss of connectivity between entering system and care system of corporation. Therefore, to put in such a system which links all the systems of corporation possess many hazards that are identified and proper solutions were suggested. The procedure of hazard direction trades with the activities related to coordination of undertaking proposal, taking and commanding the hazards present in the undertakings to accomplish the marks of undertaking. For this intent foremost, the specific hazards were highlighted and identified. Second hazards were assessed and classified based on the precedence in footings of its possible happening and the degree of hazard ( high, medium or low ) . As a effect, all the expected hazards that may impact the ends and the aims of the undertaking can be identified and therefore, all hazards can be eliminated or minimized by the organisation. This can be achieved by monitoring and commanding the chance of bad incidents and their impact on the undertaking and besides maximising the chances to acquire the maximal benefit out of that specific undertaking. Table of Contentss Abstraction 1.COMPANY Profile 2.INTRODUCTION 3.TERM OF REFERENCE 4.PROJECT TEAM & A ; TASKS 5.RISK ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM INSTALLATION FOR INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM 6.CONCLUSION/SUGGESTIONS List OF REFERENCES1. Company PROFILEThis corporation was established in 1995 as a Government Trading Enterprise or GTE. The chief operating countries of corporation are fresh H2O, drainage, waste H2O and direction of dikes and weirs. Although it is owned by the State Government, it operates on the principal of net income coevals in order to acquire maximal fiscal additions to increase the company’s value. The charges on the H2O supply and its other services in all countries under corporation service span are set by the State Government irrespective of the fact that different cost is incurred on supply of H2O in different countries. 300000 liters of H2O per twelvemonth in a specific residential service country is the sum on which corporation charges similar sum but after that it varies harmonizing to the sum of H2O supply. The corporation has the 34000 kilometer of the H2O grapevines which are managed for any leak and loss of H2O is measured after 100 kilometer of that grapevin e ( Auditor General ‘s Report, 2014 ) . The chief H2O supply strategy of the Corporation is functioning 1.5 million people most of which are in Perth, agricultural lands, Goldfields and to some countries in the south-western portion. The chief H2O resources are ground H2O which constitutes 46 % , H2O from dikes or surface resources which are 31 % of entire and besides the desalinated H2O which is 23 % of the entire H2O supply ( Corporation, 2013 ) . The H2O corporation’s vision is to work as a squad in order to profit the society and take attention of environment. The safety of people and employees is being prioritized at the corporation. Everything comes after the safety of people. The corporation value the customer’s demands and act consequently. No affair what sort of conditions is or how much cost is incurred the corporation aims to keep the life style of Western Australia. Diversification of beginnings is a major concern at the corporation in order to salvage H2O supply for the future coevals. Corporation besides gives the H2O efficient merchandises in order to salvage the H2O. There are besides H2O efficient solutions for the concern in order to salvage clip and money. Corporation has besides advertised the construct of salvaging the H2O in the signifier of commercials. They call their H2O salvaging plan as fresh H2O thought. In their 50 twelvemonth hereafter program in which they aim to cut down the H2O demand and go climate resilient company. Their chief purposes are to cut down the H2O use up to 25 % which will back up their fresh H2O believing plan. Their 2nd aim is to increase the H2O recycling up to 60 % from the current degree. Development of H2O beginnings of H2O is besides the portion of the program. They plan to develop up to 100 billion liters of H2O from new beginnings. The groundwater environment is secured with the aid of deeper aquifers. Besides the undertaking of desalinization of sea H2O is in the grapevine. The sea H2O desalinization has become a new and advanced manner to cut down the use of fresh H2O resources. The dams’ influx is being reduced due to less supply of H2O but the desalinization plan can carry through the demand of the supply to the dike. In this manner the sustainability of environment has become a major concern of the corporation. Customer has got a particular place in the corporation. Their concerns and demands are to the full reported and are seeking to be handled in an effectual manner. The online client attention Centre attempts to react to every call from clients in order to describe any ailment. The client can hold their personal history on the web site and can even pay their measure. Customers can hold the better understanding about their history demands. The H2O collected and treated from waste H2O is another beginning of H2O supply. There are 109 intervention workss of waste H2O in the western portion of Australia for this intent. Most of the intervention is done by three major workss in Perth and other support these workss. The irrigation territories in Northwest, Midwest and Southwest are besides served by the corporation. The irrigation H2O supply to these countries is 240 Giga liters per annum. The corporation besides maintains the drainage system in Perth. It does it in order to take preemptive steps before any inundation to protect the belongings and the environment. In rural parts about 2250 km country is served for this intent while Perth has 900 kilometer of country covered by the corporation for drainage system. More than three 1000 people are working in the corporation and the replacing value of 31.6 billion dollars while the assets are valued about 15 billion dollars. The major portion of company’s net incomes goe s to the State Government and remainder is used in the capital development of the Corporation.2. IntroductionHarmonizing to Auditor Generals’ study of Western Australia 2012-13 the entire H2O supplied was 357.39 billion liters out of which 314 billion liters were recorded to be consumed. The staying 43 billion liters was lost out of which 13 billion liters was really used but non recorded for charge. The staying 30 billion litre H2O was physically lost ( Auditor General’s study, 2014 ) . There are many grounds which are responsible for this physical lost H2O. One of them is long processing clip of information. This long processing clip is due to miss of automatic connexion between the different systems within the H2O corporations. The information about different jobs is linked to other systems by making manual work which is a clip devouring procedure and can make more H2O harm during this procedure of linking information. There are many incidents, some of them were out standing one were recorded in the corporation’s Information Management system but the system which deals the order coevals of care and fix is Systems, Applications and Products Plant Maintenance ( SA PPM ) which is non automatically linked with IMS or FMS. Such information is recorded manually in SA PPM due to which a cherished clip to respond about the incident is wasted in plotting the information. The automatic system which is inter-connected is an optimum solution to diminish the long processing clip of information which, in consequence, will do the timely coverage of incident easy. In this manner the job can be resolved. This involves the high investing and besides the potency of hazards in describing the bad incident inaccurately which will severely impact the H2O supply and repute of the Corporation. That is why hazard analysis is a good option to be done before put ining an automatic and inter-connected information system. Every prudent organisation has the wont of making hazard analysis before get downing any undertaking as in this aid in placing the cardinal menaces faced by the undertaking and major chances as good. For this undertaking the corporation will make a hazard analysis which will place the chance of major hazards and their minimisation in order to do the undertaking a success. This analysis is necessary to look out for any sort of good or bad surprise which can come under the manner during the undertaking execution.3. TERM OF REFERENCEFirst of all the organisation must see that why the hazard analysis is necessary. Is at that place any demand to make this? These inquiries are truly of import as some times the chief intent to make the hazard analysis is unknown. Otherwise there is no demand to oppugn about making the hazard analysis before a undertaking as in there ever necessitate to make it. To keep the credibleness and good repute of the organisation it is necessary to transport out an analysis before traveling towards the execution phase of the undertaking. The undertaking squad demands do the following undertakings in order to make a good hazard analysis.A reappraisal of literature and operations on the integrating of inter-connected information system in other sections in Australia and other parts of the universeA reappraisal of similar integrating plan in other countries to happen out the relevant information on the subjectFind o ut the exact information on the H2O escape and countries where it often happens and the degree of promptitude to describe to the Corporation to place the cardinal countries of jobAssess the IT hazard by happening out the menaces, exposures, loss measuring and success of security processs.Develop the security demands and security specification by utilizing the results of hazard analysis.Do system analysis of assets used in installing of computing machine system for the integrating plan. The exposures and chance of any bad events should be measured and the expected loss from such bad eventsThe possible measurings to restrict the loss due to any bad events whose chance is already measuredAssess the measuring processs suggested to provide the hazard of loss whether these measuring are adequate to function the intentDetermine the sensitiveness and the comparative value of computing machine installing in order to happen out the current protection measuring and measurings which can be take n farther. This can be done with the aid of a direction tool like â€Å"what if’ statements, procedure function, scenario analysis etc.4. PROJECT TEAM & A ; TASKSTeam Leader will be undertaking director which will take the undertaking and expression after the care of undertaking. Other squad members will be from operations and mechanics which are as followsOperation ManagerChief Information OfficerIT EngineerOperation SupervisorIT SupervisorOperation TechnicianIT TechnicianThis squad will make the hazard analysis for the intent of looking out for any good or bad surprises in the upcoming undertaking. The undertakings are divided between the squad as following.The features of system are found out by the IT applied scientist, supervisor and technician. The system word picture is done in order to happen out the sensitiveness and comparative value of the system. In this manner the basic characteristics of installing system will be known to the undertaking squad in order to measu re the expected hazards harmonizing to the system word pictureThe IT engineer along with supervisor and technician will seek to happen out the possible menaces to the installing system. The designation of all possible menaces is done in this measure.Chief information officer will be assigned the undertakings of planning and budgetingOperation director and IT engineer will measure the exposure of whole system in order to keep a antagonistic measuring plan for the system installingUndertaking director will make command analysis in order to happen out any spreads in commanding procedure and carry through them.Undertaking director along with two applied scientists will happen out any likeliness of any bad or good event or result. This possibility step is necessary in order to avoid any surprises during the procedure of the undertaking.Every squad member will make encephalon storming in order to happen out the impact of ascertained possibilities in the manner of making undertaking.Every possible hazard is determined in the following measure. This will be done by each member of the undertaking squad in order to happen out each and every type of hazard at each and every degree of the system installing.After finding the hazards undertaking director will place the current control system and urge the farther control measuring in order to avoid the negative impacts of possible hazards5. Hazard ANALYSIS OF SYSTEM INSTALLATION FOR INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEMThe integrated information system is a executable undertaking but there are many things which should be identified and taken into consideration. The incorporate system word picture is done by placing the cardinal characteristics of the computing machine system. The system is relational database direction system which is a database which has the possible to provide the existent clip informations. Besides the NoSQL waiter will be used in order to incorporate the system ( Environment, 2004 ) . The following measure in me nace designation is to happen out possible beginnings for any sort of menace. In this instance the menace beginnings for computing machine system might be of two typesNatural MenacesManmade MenacesThe natural beginnings could be inundations, twisters, electric storms, temblor, landslides etc. There are two sorts of menace system faces from human action i.e. knowing actions and unwilled actions. The knowing Acts of the Apostless include authorised entree to the confidential information, harmful package upload, choping etc. while the unwilled Acts of the Apostless include inadvertent incorrect informations entry. All of these menaces will be taken into consideration for the incorporate system. Flaws and failings of system will besides be identified after menace designation ( Gary Stoneburner, 2002 ) . There is much possible exposure which should be taken in to consideration likeThe being of terminated employees ID on the systemThe usage of water faucets or such things at the informati ons centre which could damage the hardwareLess usage of security barriers or spots by the sellerThe different menaces which have different strength are assessed harmonizing to the strength of the menace. After measuring the menaces harmonizing to the strength, the determination to transport on the undertaking become easy. Following table represents the strength of different sorts of menaces.Result MenacesInsignificantMinorModerateMajorCatastrophicFiscal menaces ALoss less than $ 50000$ 500000- $ 100000$ 100000- $ 300000$ 300000- $ 1500000More than $ 1500000Environmental menaces( Floods electric storms etc )BacillusRemediable minor harmSignificant harm but remediable with some fundssSerious amendss with long term impactCritical harm with a really long clip consequencePermanent Damage to systemHuman Threats( Choping, authorised entree, untrained forces etc )CRemediable minor harmSignificant harm but remediable with some fundssSerious amendss with long term impactCritical harm with a really long clip consequencePermanent Damage to systemTable-1: ( Water, 2013 ) These failings should be taken into consideration in order to be after good security measurings. The security analysis of the system which is to be installed will be exhaustively examined at this phase. The likeliness of the happening of such events will be scaled and so an optimum degree of menace being is assessed with the aid of these tabular arraies and graduated tables. In this manner it becomes easy to happen out that at what level the security should be maintained or increased. If the hazards are utmost or high so the undertaking should be terminated. If it is in moderate place and it is remediable so the determination should be taken by the board by weighing the benefits of undertaking against its possible menaces. Now the likeliness of these events will be measuredAbout CertainEvent is expected to happen about one time in a twelvemonthLikelyEvent is expected to happen about in 2-5 old agesPossibleEvent is expected to happen in about 5-10 old agesUnlikelyEvent is expected to happen in about 10-30yearsRareEvent is expected to happen about one time in 30 old agesTable-2: ( Water, 2013 ) Now the likeliness of natural events can non be predicted with certainty but in Australia the twisters or storms are seasonal events. Floods and electric storms which can be more utmost menace to the system are rare, that is why the likeliness of this menace is moderate. While the human mistakes and their incompetency can be a possible menace which is taken under notice. The matrix for the likeliness of menaces and their strength is measured by following graduated table. If the menace analysis indicates the undertaking under the blue, green belt and tap belt so it is executable to make it otherwise board should revise the determination and take disciplinary measurings.Result ProbabilityInsignificantMinorModerateMajorCatastrophicAbout CertainModerateHighVery HighVery HighVery HighLikelyModerateHighHighVery HighVery HighPossibleLowModerateHighVery HighVery HighUnlikelyLowLowModerateHighVery HighRareLowLowModerateHighHighTable-3: ( Environment, 2004 )6. CONCLUSION/SUGGESTIONSThis undertaking does non possess sever menaces from nature or homo. The possible menaces are remediable and can be taken under control. The demand to hold an integrated information system to describe the damaged, leaked or broken H2O pipes spontaneously is really high. The possible menaces against this demand are non every bit much as its advantages are. Although the fiscal cost is high but it will give the corporation maximal benefit by bettering the efficiency of the operations and hence it will better the consumer trust on the company. To minimise the possible menaces of inundations the system should be installed in 2nd or 3rd floor of the edifice. The possibility of security breach should be minimized by giving specific entree to relevant a nd good trained employees. Retina detectors or finger print detectors could be a better pick to entree the system room physically. While the practical entree to the system should be guarded by three beds of security cheque. The IDs of terminated or transferred forces should be terminated quickly so that the possible menace of security breach can be handled.List OF REFERENCESAuditor General ‘s Report, W. A. , 2014.Water Corporation: Management of Water Pipes,Perth: Office of the Auditor General Western Australia.Corporation, W. , 2013.Annual Report,Perth: s.n.Environment, D. o. , 2004.Water Quality Protection Note – The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines: An overview,Perth: Department of Environment.Gary Stoneburner, A. G. a. A. F. , 2002.Risk Management Guide for Information Technology System,GaithersBurg: National Institute of Standard and engineering.Water, P. , 2013.Hazard Management: Power and Water Corporate Procedure,s.l. : Power Water.

Failure Analysis/Change Strategy Essay

There should also be a strategy in mind when it comes to businesses in order to prevent failure. The company should have everything documented all the way from budgeting, goals, employees and other important factors that a business will need in order to succeed. There are two companies that are great examples of a business failure and success. The failure would be Blockbuster (movie rental company) and Starbucks (coffee shop). These two companies have been around for years. However, one of the companies failed recently, which is Blockbuster. The objective, vision and mission for Blockbuster was to provide a great service for families and friends to enjoy the presence of movies as if they were at the theatre. Blockbuster was a company that served the public for many years. Having the ability to rent movies from different years and all categories is what helped the business succeed. The vision was to give individuals the ability to see movies that were no longer at the movie theater or on television. The mission was to provide media entertainment. The objective, vision and mission for Starbucks is to provide quality coffee to customers and keep them satisfied. The individuals that work for the company must have an enthusiastic personality to fit the company and keep customers smiling. This has helped them to remain successful along with serving a great beverage. This company also has different franchises all over the world to meet the needs of customers. The indicators from the failure of Blockbuster has a lot to do with structure. There are many companies out there now that are more convenient when it comes to movie rentals. Individuals are able to order movies online and from the actual cable company. There are also movie stands in front of certain stores and individuals can rent those at ease. This business would not be able to keep up with all the advanced technology. The success from Starbucks would be the quality of leadership style that the company possess and structure. The structure of the business is set up in many places which  provides better access for consumers. Any place that a person may go, there is likely to be a Starbucks around to grab a hot cup of coffee. This keeps the company booming and convenience for the customers which keeps them satisfied. This business will to continue to grow with all the different franchises that are also produced.

Market Competition Timing and Risks while entering or exiting a market Essay

Market Competition Timing and Risks while entering or exiting a market - Essay Example The researcher states that for example, Amazon.com started its business as an online bookshop but as gradually the demand for the grocery items had increased, Amazon.com adhering to that demand and started its first online grocery shop. As we see in the case of Monopoly where there are no competitors and therefore firms set a price to maximize profit and gain the first mover advantage. Whereas in a perfect competition there are no entry and exit barriers so the role of time in deciding the entrance or exit from the market is minimal and perfectly competitive firms are free to enter and exit an Industry and so in the case of Monopolistic competition in which there is a relative freedom of entry and exit out of industry but a difference between those two terms is that in Monopolistic competition the firms are not ‘perfectly’ mobile but they remain unrestricted by any government rules and regulations, start-up costs or any substantial barrier to entry which is the total opp osite of Oligopoly in which there are significant barriers to entry where time plays a major role in determining the entry and exit from the market. A firm has to evaluate several factors in order to determine the risks of new entrants and the reasons to exit a market which include â€Å"economies of scale, product differentiation, capital requirements, access to distribution channels, cost disadvantages independent of scale and government policies†... The term Economies of scale refers to increase the production of a commodity due to which the per-unit cost is of a commodity is reduced. This will create a risk for the new entrant firms in a sense that they would have to produce a larger quantity at a lower price. Economies of scale encourage the firms to exit the market that cannot produce the required quantity and it deters the smaller firms from entering into the market. These bigger firms forces the new entrants to either come in on a large scale or to accept a cost disadvantage (Porter, 1979). Product differentiation is a risk for entering into the market because it requires incurring expenditure and great deal of money to make the product differentiate among its competitors. Another type of risk is capital requirement where new entrants are required to invest larger amounts to compete efficiently in an industry; particularly if the capital is required for the research and development. The initial cost to operate can be so lar ge that it restricts all but the larger firms. The capital is not only required for fixed facilities but also for the inventories and absorbing start-up losses. While bigger firms have the financial resources to tap any industry but the huge capital investments in industries such as mineral extraction and computer manufacturing has major risks and limits the pool of entrants. Even the big firms do compete in this trio there is still no guarantee for success. Access to distribution channel is another type of risk in which a firm needs to obtain distribution for the channel and the distributors are not likely to deliver the product until they are paid good incentives and that will lead to profit reduction for the firm. For example, a new food product enters

Explain why and how the morgan report has led to a substantial change Essay

Explain why and how the morgan report has led to a substantial change in crime reduction initiatives in the uk - Essay Example Four distinctive areas will be referenced as examples of their implementation in principles laid down by the Morgan Report. This Report has influenced subsequent legislation such as the Crime and Disorders Act of 1998 which has impacted substantially the very philosophy of crime reduction. This Act, a descendent of the Morgan Report, will also be reviewed. There were 181 police forces in Britain, operating mostly independently of each other, at the beginning of the twentieth century. These small enforcement groups had limited collaboration or communications between them. 43 police forces function within England and Wales today supplied with many more police officers. Interactivity between these units has increased significantly over the years with the advent of new technologies and the need to slow criminal activity, not just in a region but nation-wide. Despite new technologies that aided police in performing their duties more competently, crime continued to become increasingly prevalent after 1960, which predictably led to public condemnation of the police. It had become apparent that traditional policing methods would not prevent or reduce crime on their own. Police organisations began seeking the involvement the community. This move was a change from a predominately reactive style of enforcement. â€Å"In the early 1980s, alongside changes in policing, the government of the day put crime prevention firmly on the agenda with a number of circulars proposing coordinated approaches to crime prevention, involving many organisations working together† (â€Å"What is Crime Reduction† 2006). In 1984, an inter-departmental circular suggested the establishment of local multi-group assemblies to undertake crime issues. Historic milestones involving recent expansive techniques of crime prevention and community safety can be traced to this circular, which

Supply Chain Management -Case assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Supply Chain Management -Case assignment - Essay Example Hence they have decided to face changing times by offering a low cost version of their product and introducing a new target audience. TFCs key strengths are their extensive experience in the field of chassis for motor homes, their technological adaptability & advancement, quality designs, marketing knowledge and design development on time exactly as per customer preference. TFC’s management has recognized the opportunity which lies in expanding their product portfolio to low priced product to cater to price sensitive audience. Low priced items have always posed threat to high end customized item especially when the economy is receding; hence diversity in product portfolio is always a balancing act (a safe bet for survival) for the company during all times. While expanding the product portfolio TFC faced a weakness for the first time that is delay in lead time of building chassis. Commonly a chassis would have been designed, customize and made ready in less than 30 days. However due to restrained capital available they could not meet all customer demands on time while catering two product types. Main area of time lag occurred at the designing stage as identified by the team. At this scenario TFC was approached by Computer-Images a design house in another estate proposing to become an outsourced designing outlet for low end chassis line working electronically only upon specifications provided by TFC. This approach was proposed with a key to keep TFC’s focus on high end chassis (TFC’s star product) while meeting demand for both high end and low end chassis. Now TFC has two options either to accept Computer-Image’s proposal to have low end product outsourced or increase current capacity to overcome time delay in designing and remain an in-sourced organization enjoying control over time, design and delivery. De Looff (1996) uses key 6 goals in his book defining outsourcing /

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

International Business - Essay Example The Cold had ended, with the emergence of one single bloc. The world had become a single ‘market place’ (Eriksen, pp.3, 2007). This was aided by the phenomena, Globalisation. Globalisation is undertaken as a reality, and Renato Ruggeriero has put it aptly, a reality that has overwhelmed all others (Scholte, pp.1, 2000). Globalisation has been aided by free trade and the increment of international businesses. What in essence is free trade? There are various definitions of free trade; free trade is trade that is not held up by national or international laws (Baggini, Fosl, pp.32, 2010). Globalisation is a term that is on everyone’s lips. However, only a few people have had a clear and definitive definition of the term. However, definitions form the basis of an individual’s perceptions and evaluations (Scholte, pp.42, 2000). The definition of globalisation, according to the European Commission is: â€Å"Globalisation can be defined as the process by which mar kets and production in different countries are becoming increasingly interdependent due to the dynamics of trade in goods and services and flow of capitals and technology† (Held, pp. 92, 2000). In essence, increased trade, and international economic activity, faster communication networks define globalisation. In a way, globalisation has led to the compression of the world. Due to this, the world has been brought closer, in different ways, for better or for worse (Eriksen, pp.4, 2007). The beginning of the paper will identify the benefits that have been brought due to increased trade and international business. The neo-liberals largely advocate the working of the free market, and in effect promote free trade. A very common theory that promotes free trade is that of comparative advantage. This theory assumes that there are two countries in the world, each producing one single good. In a way, these two countries will only produce goods in which they are better off, because it wi ll be more profitable, and exchange the goods with each other. Therefore, ‘comparative advantage theory’ is the rationale for free trade. For example, India and China have a comparative advantage in the production of clothing because of cheap labor. In addition, Japan has a comparative advantage in electronic equipment because it has a technological edge (Gitman & McDaniel, pp.73, 2008). David Ricardo gave this theory. Technically speaking, the consumption frontier of a country will lie outside the production frontier of a company due to free trade (Thirlwall & Lopez, pp.7, 2008). In addition, another rationale for free trade has been the neoclassical factor endowment theory. This theory argues that it is not because of â€Å"technological differences that free trade is required, but because different countries are endowed with different factor supplies† (Todaro & Smith, pp. 560-565, 2003). In a sense, neoclassical thinkers suggest that trade has provided nations with the opportunity to capitalize on those resources which are abundant (Todaro & Smith, pp 561, 2003) In addition, although globalisation has received much criticism, a closer look into statistics will also show that globalisation has created wealth and jobs. Because of globalisation, livings standards have greatly improved, because a large consumer market is created. International competition also keeps prices down, therefore keeping the risk of inflation quite low. For example, since 1997,

Collaboration and Innovation at Proctor and Gamble Case Study

Collaboration and Innovation at Proctor and Gamble - Case Study Example One of the collaborative tools that the company uses is information systems and software. Web 2.0 has been an effective social networking and collaborative tool. The firm also used unified communications, Microsoft Live Server Functionality, web conferencing with live meetings, content management and SharePoint. Two additional collaborative tools were instant messaging and Microsoft Outlook. The benefits of these tools include the ability of the workers to communicate better. The size of the company has influenced the collaborative capabilities of the company. Tools such as emails which typically work effectively to collaborate are not that effective at P&G because the company is so large and has so many employees. The employees at P&G consider newer collaborative tools more work on top of emails. In the past researchers used to write up their experiments using Microsoft Office applications, then they would print them out and glue them together page by page into notebooks. The company today uses a customized version of Microsoft tools that allows instant communication between employees. The company also created virtual databases that allowed researchers the ability to communicate with each other in a more efficient manner. Information could now be shared among the researchers. Telepresence has been very effective at Procter & Gamble due to the fact that the company has a global operation. These tools allow researchers, marketers, and managers to keep the lines of communication open. A tool that the company should use to improve its communication is Skype. Skype allows employees to achieve two way video and audio. A second tool that could enhance collaboration is to create a cellular phone application that allows the employees to upload information into a server that the employees can access

Question is in the instruction part Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Question is in the instruction part - Essay Example In relation to architecture, it may be useful to define the concept of ‘Gothic’, which first belonged to the medieval period in Europe, from about 12th to 16th centuries. The characteristics included the pointed arch, large ribbed vaults and large, high windows, and later the flying buttress. The style was applied mainly to churches and cathedrals, therefore having religious and ecclesiastical connotations, though stately homes, convents and monasteries also adopted it. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, its revival coincided with the popularity of the Gothic genre in English fiction, often quoted as having originated with Horace Walpole’s ‘The Castle of Otranto’ (Walpole 1764). The underlying ethos seems to be one of highly charged emotional content, thrilling sensationalism and a rejection of the rational and classical clarity with determined the Enlightenment. Gothic fiction and architecture would seem to seek to extend beyond normal, ratio nal boundaries in society and to find instead, a more exciting form of expression and stimulation – almost taking reader and characters to the brink of insanity through the alteration of perceived reality. Certainly, the Gothic literary conventions call up childhood fears, myths, legends and superstitions, and in so doing, overturn common perceptions and distort reality. Just as it is impossible to fully understand the workings of the human mind, the environments created in the fiction are difficult to grasp, alien and mysterious and possibly reflecting, in the form of the deep, dark pits and dungeons, an allegorical picture of psychic depths beyond our conscious knowledge. Robert Barry (1995) states that: In ‘The Fall of the House of Usher’, Poe creates an atmosphere of increasing tension and doom, launching into a description which engages the

The Seven I Am Statements of John Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Seven I Am Statements of John - Essay Example ld with the bread of life, and that bread of life is Jesus Christ who will soon bring order and peace to the world, and would eventually reunite the sinful world back to Him (29). This posits a subtle point that what the world needs is Jesus, and that He is the only bread of life (29). The next â€Å"I Am† statement can be found in John 8:12-59. John’s scriptural and circumstantial objective is to demonstrate that Jesus came to be the light of the world (Lavin 21; Wiersbe 47). While in Jerusalem during the Feast of the Tabernacles, Jesus states publicly the following words â€Å"I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life. (NIV, John 8:12). The statement implies that Jesus is the lone requisite and road to deliverance (Lavin 23). During the concluding night of the Feast of Tabernacles, one lamp was not lit up to signify that salvation is yet to arrive in entirety. The next Jesus Christ’s â€Å"I A m† statements take place while He declares and perceptibly manifests that He is the final and definitive completion of the Feast of Tabernacles when he restored the blind man’s sight (Morris 114). However, a probe was carried in order to shed light on why the healing took place on a Sabbath day. The satirical gist of the story is that Jesus delivers a man from darkness to light while the Pharisees believes that they are in lightness yet are living in darkness. In John 10:7, Jesus speaks about metaphorically that He is gate for the sheep (Vieths 33). Jesus is conveying the truth that He alone can lead humanity into the Father; that only through Him does mankind have access to the Father. Jesus is more than willing to reconcile humanity to God (29). Jesus had the characteristic of eternal life, which means that He... Jesus comforts Martha by telling her about the truth of resurrection and life. In John 11:25-26, Jesus declares to Martha "I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live, even though they die; and whoever lives by believing in me will never die. Do you believe this?" The verses signify that only Jesus realizes this function for those who believe in Him; and Jesus "does not provide it, but rather is this" (Morris 117). This assurance of a new life is just in close proximity, and is ever nearby (117). Jesus employs this particular claim in order to confirm his rule over life (117)John 14 draws a fascinating conversation between Jesus and His disciples, talking about where Jesus is departing in a little while. The only way and access to God is through Jesus Christ. His declaration of Him being the only way and the truth demonstrates how accurate, reliable and unfailing His teachings are (Lavin 30). Jesus does not pronounce His precepts as the only way or means, but that "He is the Son of God" (Wiersbe 24; Larsen 110). In most cultures, the tie between a father and a son is very strong. In other words, this strong connection allows the kind of sharing [of things, etc.] that only exists between a father and a son. Hence, in the simplest analogy, in order for humanity to completely know the Father, it must first get itself acquainted with the Son. Humanity must know Jesus. Finally, John 15 tells us about "The True Vine". The chapter starts with â€Å"I am the true vine, and my Father is the gardener†

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (F.I.S.A.) court Term Paper

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (F.I.S.A.) court - Term Paper Example The particulars of such actions were in effect up until the early 1970s and it was the ‘Keith’ case that predominantly broke the shackles to such unfair means. In 1972 the Keith case was one of the major turnarounds that led to the development of FISA courts in the country. Technically speaking this particular legal case was between the United States’ government and a United States district court. The district court emphasized that an acting attorney general gave specific directive permission to carry out electronic wireless intelligence without a warrant on a US citizen accused of bombing a Central Intelligence Agency building. The Supreme Court firmly rejected the US government’s petition of claiming foreign intelligence on the per se warrant requirement but the court emphasized that according to the legislative structure and constituting to the fourth amendment it is uniquely prohibited to use of warrantless surveillance particularly directed at domestic threats to U.S. national security. The court however did not reach a general consensus on whether it is appropriate to target warrantless surveillance on foreign individuals and agents pertaining to other agencies but opened up a new line of thought for the executive council suggesting that it may be up to the latter body if and how they would significantly indulge in matters related to the mentioned entities and personnel. The Supreme Court however demanded that the congress issue a revised plan for a fool proof constitutional amendment that would ensure as a constitutional element for future electronic wireless surveillance of threats regarding the national security of the United States. Another event... The paper tells that there are several fundamental aspects of the FISA warrants and it solely addresses to two particular fractions of people that may pose a potential threat to the national security of the United States. Firstly warrants are foremost issued to personnel that are categorized as a foreign power. Places or entities that succumb to such definitions may potentially include a foreign government, a diplomat; other representative or employee of a foreign government, a fraction of a foreign nation that is not substantially composed of US persons, an entity openly acknowledged by a foreign government to be directed and controlled by it, or a group engaged in international terrorism or activities in preparation therefore. The second defining figure that a FISA warrant can be issued to, are agents of foreign powers. These may fundamentally include any individual who is not a US person and works for a foreign power inside the united states or an individual who again may not be a US person but engaged in espionage intelligence gathering activities running from within any associated foreign power. However the FISA constitution does also recognize US citizen as also potential National security threats and a FISA warrant can be issued if for some reason they may be suspected with substantial defying evidence of engaging into espionage pertaining to compromising the national security of the United States or involved in clandestine intelligence gathering activities for a foreign power which activities constitute a violation of U.S. criminal statutes.

An Investigation into Essay Example for Free

An Investigation into Essay However, if the reading on the ammeter or voltmeter was not taken quickly, the temperature may have risen, and therefore the resistance of the wire would have increased too. This would mean that the results would not be totally accurate, as the experiments would not be fair. 2. There may have been some problems with the equipment that would help explain possible anomalies other than human error. For example, the wire used may not be pure, and the equipment was not totally accurate, due to frequent use, and the fact that it was built and maintained to a poor standard. 3. As different lengths of wire needed to be used, I cut separate lengths of Constantan wire, instead of using the same section of wire and varying the points at which the crocodile was connected. It is probable that each separate section of wire had different amounts of impurities in them, and therefore the readings will not be entirely accurate. 4. Some of the anomalies will have been caused by human error in the measuring of the wire. This is because it is not very practical to hold a piece of wire straight and cut it perfectly at the designated length. The crocodile clips will also have not been placed exactly at the specific length, and so the actual length of the wire in the circuits will vary from the length recorded. 5. The crocodile clips used were partially rusted in places, and that would have prevented them from forming a good connection with the wire. They were not connected securely as they were old and much used so that the clips could be easily moved to alter the length. Although there were many chances for an error to occur, there are none that obviously stand out. I do not feel, however, that the use of a thin wire in this experiment was a suitable choice, as the wire was never truly straight. It would be better to use a less malleable metal material, such as a bar, or in fact just to use the rheostat, as it is a long piece of coiled wire that can be connected at different lengths to change the resistance of the circuit. Experiment Two: Investigation into how varying the cross-sectional area of a wire will affect its resistance. Fair Test: In order to ensure that the experiment is as fair as possible, only one factor will be varied: the cross-sectional area of the wire. The other factors will be kept constant as shown below: The length of the wire will be kept constant at 40cm, as this factor has been explored in the experiment investigating length. I will be using Constantan wire throughout, as there were a larger variety of thicknesses available to me with this material. The temperature of the wires at the start must be the same so as to guarantee that a fair test is carried out. The temperature must be kept at room temperature, so that the electrons in the wire are not given differing amount of energy. Method: Safety: Precautions must be taken so that no water gets near any of the electrical appliances. It is imperative that you do not touch or place loose wires onto the wire that is being tested as it becomes hot during the experiment. Leave the wire after the experiment for a brief period in order to let the wire cool before touching. Apparatus:   Varying cross-sectional areas of Constantan wire (as designated in plan) to be tested, all 40cm in length Rheostat   Power supply   Voltmeter Ammeter 2 connecting wires with crocodile clips 4 connecting wires   A 1 metre ruler   Scissors The following circuit was used in the experiment investigating the cross-sectional area: Plan: 1. Connect circuit as shown in diagram above 2. Insert first cross-sectional area of wire to be tested into the circuit, in this case: 22 SWG. 3. Turn on the power supply and quickly take readings from both the ammeter and the voltmeter. 4. Repeat until all the following thickness have been tested and have had readings taken: a. 22 SWG b. 26 SWG c. 28 SWG d. 32 SWG e. 34 SWG As already mentioned in the experiment investigating length, the power supply used was built so that 6 amps was the maximum current allowed to pass through the circuit, and again I chose to set the power pack on 4 volts. The whole experiment must be repeated 3 times for accuracy, and then an average of these will be taken and used in the results table and graph. To make sure that the experiment is as accurate as possible, the wire being tested must be held straight, so that it does not come into contact with anything but the crocodile clips, and so that there are no bends in the wire. This is to ensure that it does not short circuit or affect the resistance, so as to make certain that the readings are not jeopardized. The readings must also be taken quickly after completion of the circuit, so that the current passing through the wire does not affect the temperature, and possibly resulting in an increase in the resistance that will provide confusing results. Upon testing the experiment I have come to the conclusion that the plan will produce accurate readings and very few errors. With it, I was able to obtain these results: Results: Thickness of wire (SWG) Average Voltage (V) (Volts) Average Current (I) (Amps) Resistance (R) (to 2d. p) The standard wire gauge (SWG) can be used to find out the radius. From this we can use the formula below to work out the cross-sectional area in mmi : ?ri Thickness of wire (SWG) Radius of wire (to 2d. p) (mm) Cross-sectional area (to 2d. p) (mmi ) 1/cross-sectional area (reciprocal) (to 2. Observations: Again, as in the first experiment, I noticed that the readings on the voltmeter and ammeter flickered between numbers, and so I took the first number as the most accurate measurement due to the effects of temperature change. At the beginning of the experiment I was also going to test a Constantan wire of 30 SWG, but when testing this wire it provided me with the same results as that of 32 SWG. This probably meant one of the wires was marked incorrectly, so I only used one of them and marked it as 32 SWG as this followed the curve of my graph. Anomalies: The graph implies that my reading for the resistance of the 28 SWG wire was incorrect, as it differs about 0. 85 ? from my line of best fit. This is probably because the wires were mixed up (as this had already occurred), as the result for this wire fits in with my line of best fit for a thickness of about 31 SWG. Conclusions: In view of my results and the graph I was able to construct from them, I have made the following conclusions: a. As predicted, when the cross-sectional area of the wire increased, the resistance also increased. b. The graph shows a strong trend forming a curved line, showing that the cross-sectional area of a conductor is inversely proportional to the resistance (as shown in the graph recording the reciprocal of the cross-sectional area): as the cross-sectional area doubles, the resistance will halve. From my analysis, I can say that my prediction was correct. This can be proved by carefully studying both electricity and electrical conductors. Electricity is the flow of energy from one place to another. Metal electrical conductors enable energy to be passed through them by containing a sea of freely mobile electrons, which carry the energy. When the electrons in the conductor are given enough energy, they are able to move from one end of the conductor to another, and therefore create a current. There is only a certain amount of space for the electrons to move in the conductor, and so collisions may occur between the electrons and any other immobile particles contained in the conductor. If the width (cross-sectional area) of the conductor, in this case a wire, is doubled, the electrons have double the amount of space, and so the probability of a collision between the electrons and any immobile or impurities in the wire is halved. This means that half the amount of electrical energy is being converted into heat energy by collisions, and so the resistance is also halved. Evaluation: There were a few mistakes in my experiment, mainly caused by carelessness in the storage of the materials used: 1. I included a rheostat in my circuit, but I did not adjust it for each reading (to control the current) as I believed that leaving the circuit connected for a long period of time would considerably alter the temperature of the wire, as collisions occurred and electrical energy was converted into heat, so the current readings vary slightly, which I believe will produce varying temperatures, but none so dramatically as to render my results totally inaccurate. 2. However, I attempted to take the readings for the ammeter and voltmeter quickly so that any temperature change would be very slight and would not affect the results. 3. There were some problems with the equipment I used throughout this experiment. The apparatus was not totally accurate as it was built and maintained to a poor standard due to lack of funds, for example the crocodile clips were coated in rust, and so the contact between it and the wire was not perfect. The wires were labelled incorrectly so the results were confusing. 4. Some of the anomalies will have been caused by human error in the measuring of the wire. This is because it is not very practical to hold a piece of wire straight and cut it perfectly at the designated length. The crocodile clips will also have not been placed exactly at the specific length, and so the actual length of the wire in the circuits will vary from the length recorded. Although there were a few mistakes in this experiment, on the whole I do believe that they provided me with a good basis for my conclusions.

Has Music of the 1950s Shaped Todays Music?

Has Music of the 1950s Shaped Todays Music? Background Questions Has music of the 1950s shaped todays music? Navjot Who influenced the music in the 1950s? Zainab Was there a particular style of music in the 1950s? Navjot Rock n Roll: African Americans migrated into the north urban cities for jobs, bringing along their unique form of music. Working with American people and being close to them allowed their music to be overlapped which caused the birth of Rock and Roll. Rock and Roll is a combination of Rhythm and Blues. Traditional pop:A mixture of original songs, and hits that were previously made famous by another artist but were recorded to their own version. Pop music in the 1950s has been referred to music that was known before the creation of Rock n Roll, pop music was not in any way similar to Rock n Roll. Country: Country music was a blend of Rock music, swing, boogie, and humour country music told real tales that people could relate to such as love, and events in life. Rhythm and blues: Was a popular music genre combining jazz, gospel, and blues influences. Rhythm and Blues was held responsible by the older generation for encouraging uprising among the youth, who happened to be the dominant audience Who made music in the 1950s? Johnny Cash (Country) Elvis Presely (Rock n roll) Little Richard (RB) Pat Boone (Traditional Pop) Analysis How did music in the 1950s impact conflicts that were occurring during that time period? Following the conclusion of the second world war, music acted as a method of representation to express the ethnic conflicts arising through the development of the civil rights movement. Opinion #1: During this time, Rock n Roll and RB music created somewhat of a foundation for black music However, it was also a period that displayed the success and loss of African-American music production This is where racism in the states can be identified-discrimination at its finest The whites claiming blacks music as their own Opinion #2: Rock n Roll and Rhythm and Blues brought the whites and black together; encouraged civil rights movement How has music changed since the 1950s until now? How do they contrast (differences and similarities) Since the 1950s music has changed largely due to many reasons. technology has developed overtime resulting in auto tune being overused by popular artists of this generation, back them music most like had a story now all music has the same concept or meaning its not unique. Also, the genres of music that are now popular have changed, rap music have advanced massively in popularity.Many bands of the past wrote music that had depth to it: the lyrics were meaningful, they wrote their own music, they played multiple instruments, they didnt use auto tune or synthesizers, making their music unique. Today theres so much technology and advancement that not much music is unique. How did global issues influence the meaning behind music in the 1950s? Why was there particular styles of music in the 1950s? Were they due to a lack of advanced technology and available resources? Technology had a huge impact on the music industry typically in positive ways. Technology allows music to be distributed all over the world at the touch of a button which allows the artist to quickly spread their music. Sampling is another digital technology that has had a tremendous impact on music and being able to perfect everything before being released. Artists nowadays are available for popular and valuable instruments like electric guitars, improved microphones, mastering equipment which provides the audience with crystal clean sound and a greater experience with high quality both in concerts and recording.[1] References: http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/50smusic.html References: http://www.ushistory.org/us/53d.asp http://www.rollingstone.com/music/features/the-50s-19900419 http://fiftiesweb.com/music/1950-1954-music/ [1]change question(cant find info) how technology has changed music over time

The Narrator In Raymond Carvers The Cathedral

The Narrator In Raymond Carvers The Cathedral Fiction writers use various ways in telling their story. One of such ways includes the establishment of the position through which the storyteller is to convey the plot. Raymond Carvers Cathedral is a perfect example of a story from a first person narrator. A first person narrator lacks a complete hold and knowledge of other characters and often gives incomplete information and perceptions about them. In the story, the use of first person narrator gives the story in the perspective of I. The anonymous character in Cathedral is revealed as having misconstrues and limitations in the story (Stern 50) His flaws are evident in the manner in which he interacts with other characters in the story. Nevertheless, the author gives the narrator an opportunity to grow and prove his stereotypes wrong. Confusion and ignorance are a great impediment for ones true focus in life. A slight moment with the truth can be a turning point in a persons life; giving an opportunity to remedy past mistakes and misconceptions. The narrator is presented as having various inadequacies and flaws which prevent him from getting a clear view of the world. Perhaps, the narrators prejudice against blind people reveals more about his character. The narrator clearly shows his uneasiness with the blind man visiting, And his being blind bothered me. My idea of blindness came from the movies. In the movies the bind moved slowly and never laughed (Carver 186). Apparently, the narrator foolishly searches for any reason to dismiss the blind man. For instance, the narrator says, Id always thought dark glasses were a must for the blind. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.I remembered reading somewhere that the blind didnt smoke (Carver 190-191). The blind man is a friend of his wife and is paying the couple a visit. Evidently, the narrator is naÃÆ' ¯ve and ignorant about blind people. Through the reactions and actions of the narrator, we are able to infer some elements of his character flaws. For instance, it is undoubtedly true that the n arrator is overly insecure. As a man of the house, he is afraid that the feminine can take away his position. This is demonstrated symbolically through the use of the castle in the story (Bullock 343). The masculine castle of the narrator is demonstrated by the differentiation of whatever is inside and outside. As a male, the narrator must be able to not only prevent any form of external intrusion but also the threat of the feminine power he lives with. Surprisingly, the threat he faces is his own feminine nature. The narrator is devoid of self-awareness. His attitude towards Robert, the blind man and his wife depict a great deal of the narrators insensitivity. In fact, he betrays himself through his inarticulate manner of speech. A plethora of flaws can be drawn from the mannerisms shown by the narrator (Bugeja 80). The author applies the present situation of the narrator as well as the past experiences to paint a full picture about the life of the narrator. As a working person, there is nothing desirable about the narrators job. From the story, we gather information that the narrator is struggling with bad habits. In the past, the narrators wife is said to have attempted to commit suicide. She also has had a divorce and seemingly, her marriage to the narrator is definitely an unhappy one. Yet, the narrator does not seem to be there for her. The narrator is not only a drunkard but also a drug addict. He spends most of his time after work in his living room watching TV. Worse still, he does no t seem to have a flicker of enthusiasm about his marriage. In fact, he does not show signs of intimacy with anybody in his life. All these are signs of ignorance and insensitivity. The transformation of the narrator comes rather unexpectedly. From the beginning of the story, he can see Robert as a mere blind man. He resents him and dismisses him as useless and weak. In fact, the narrators stereotypical associations of the blind man are not different with that of a common person. However, a turning point comes in his life when he spends time with Robert. At first, the narrator feels rather awkward that his wife does not keep her guest comfortable. Robert, aware of the narrators weaknesses and his lonely life, endeavors to create a relationship with him. He takes advantage of the narrators TV viewing habits to dispel the stereotypes and misplaced perceptions of the narrator. Unknown to the narrator, Robert is possesses very string personality. Unlike the narrator, the blind man is self sufficient, confident, sensitive, perceptive, and self-assured as well as gregarious. Moreover, Robert is immensely knowledgeable; possessing a heightened capability and awareness. As it dawns on the narrator, disability is not inability. The narrator recognizes the humanity possessed by Robert in spite of his blindness. The growth of the narrator comes along with his revised perception and stereotypes about blind people. The use of the cathedral is significant in the story. It is used as an implied metaphor suggesting the isolation that the narrator faces as a masculine figure. The craving for the masculine narrator to maintain his power and ego seems as an imprisonment (Lacan 1280). After obtaining re-assurance from Robert, the narrator clearly changes his direction. The blind man does not meet the stereotypes possessed by the narrator about blind men. The moment he spends with Robert turns out to be his turning point. The TV program on cathedrals offers a chance for the narrator to come into self recognition, allying all previous fears about blindness. As the narrator draws the cathedral while his eyes are closed, he expresses the liberty he feels. He admits that I was in my house. I knew that. But I didnt feel like I was inside anything. This is certainly a transformation of the earlier masculinity held by the narrator. The symbolism in the use of cathedral is that when the narrator draws it, he i s designing a new masculinity different from that of the castle. The narrator escapes from his feeling of insecurity embracing a new dawn; a complete rebirth. The dependency of masculinity on others to achieve its full potential is depicted in the response given by Robert about cathedrals. Being blind, Robert describes a cathedral as he has just heard from the TV. According to the blind man, generations of the same families worked on a cathedralà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Men who their lifes work on themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. never lived to see the completion of their work (Carver 190). In this, it is evident that that just like Robert is a crucial catalyst towards the development of the narrator, men are similar to cathedrals and have to have these supports. To help hold them up, so to speak. These supports are called buttresses (Carver 191). Men need support like the cathedrals for them to reach the up. According to the narrator, men built cathedrals during the olden days for them to be closer to God. The metaphor presented through the use of a religious building shows a need for design directed towards religious dimension. Although the dimension is not presented through doctrines, we can decipher it from the church wedding for the blind man and his wife (Bullock 345). Ignorance can pose a great danger in the life a person; particularly in their daily interactions with other people. Failure to adopt open mindedness and a free focus towards life can render an individual into imaginary blindness. Physical blindness does not mean mental blindness; a physically blind person can show a normal person with clear vision the way. Stereotypes are the dwelling places for confusion and ignorance; favoring the perpetuation of misplaced imaginations and beliefs.

The Psychological Journey of the Narrator in Atwood’s Surfacing Essay

The Psychological Journey of the Narrator in Atwood’s Surfacing  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In Surfacing, a novel by Margaret Atwood, the narrator undertakes three basic journeys: a physical quest to search for her lost father, a biographical journey into her past, and most importantly a psychological journey. The psychological journey allows the narrator to reconcile her past and ultimately leads to the conclusion of the physical journey. In this psychological voyage into her innerself, the narrator, while travelling from cognizant rational reasoning to subconscious dissociated reality progresses through three stages. In the first stage, the narrator is in touch with reality; she lives and exists in a state of mind known in Freudian psychology as the Ego. The Ego is defined as "the element of being that consciously and continuously enables an individual to think, feel and act." (Barnhardt, 667). The ego is based on a reality principle, in which, a person reacts in "realistic ways that will bring long term pleasure rather than pain or destruction" (Meyers, 414). The narrator's inability to cope with disagreeable thoughts such as her father's possible death is evidenced early in the novel. The narrator states: "nothing is the same, I don't know the way anymore. I slide my tongue around the ice cream, trying to concentrate on it, they put seaweed in it now, but I'm starting to shake, why is the road different, he shouldn't have allowed them to do it, I want to turn around and go back to the city and never find out what happened to him. I'll start crying, that would be horrible, none of them would kno w what to do and neither would I. I bite down into the cone and I can't feel anything for a minute but the knife-hard pain up the side of my face... ...to reality: "The lake is quiet, the trees surround me, asking and giving nothing" (Atwood, 224). Thus, the narrator has completed a psychological journey from snaeness to madness and then again in a fullcircle, travelling through three distinct stages: the Ego, the Superego, and the Id. The narrator by completing the psychological journey into the subconscious is able to resolve the biographical and physical journeys. Therefore, with the past and present conflicts resolved, it can be most likely assumed that the narrator will assimilate herself back into reality. She may have a chance to become human again. Works Cited Atwood, Margaret. Surfacing. Simon and Schuster: New york, 1972 Barnhardt, Clarence L. Ed. The World Book Dictionary, Field Enterprises Publishing Co: Chicago, 1975. Meyers, David. Psychology. Worth Publishing:U.S.A., 1992   

Honor and the Celtic Heroes Essay -- Irish Myths

The honor-code within the Mabinogi, The Tain, and Gantz’s Early Irish Myths and Sagas underlines the ethos of the traditional Celtic hero. Yet, the compliance of the honor-code could be better observed as serving the identity and reputation of the hero rather than a deeper code of morality as it might suggest. The gae bolga, Efnisien, Mider’s love for Etain, and Rhiannon’s magic bag are all instruments of unworldly power, making the impossible possible for each of the heroes. It is because of these supernatural influences that the heroes are both blessed and cursed by power’s perfection. The compliance to the honor-code plays less a role in truly enabling the hero and yet it’s essential in the development of the hero’s identity and reputation among his allies and enemies. Within The Tain, the warrior Cuchulainn is characterized as a flawless hero, destined to die young. Cuchulainn’s honor to Ulster could easily be measured by the uncountable number of warriors he’s killed with his various skills and gae bolga, yet the killing of his only son Connla and his Foster-brother Ferdia proves to be his most difficult and heroic task. Despite Emer’s plea for Cuchulainn to spare his only son, Cuchulainn provokes the boy to fight him, using his gae bolga to kill him. Cuchulainn’s honor to Ulster through the sacrifice of his son not only grieves him, but all the men of Ulster. (The Tain, p.45) Tragically, the boy expresses the essence of a warrior’s honor to the men of Ulster and to Cuchulainn in obeying his wishes to refuse no man in combat (The Tain, p.33). The boy bids his farewell to the men of Ulster saying, â€Å"If only I had five years among you I would slaughter the warriors of the world for you. . . But since it is li ke this, point me o... ...n’s kingdom for a year and killing Hafgan for Arawn. (The Mabinogi, p.38) And his honor in not talking or sleeping with Arawn’s wife earns him an enduring friendship, gaining him otherworld treasures and the kingship of Annwfn. (The Mabinogi, p.41-42) Even when his wife Rhiannon’s child is abducted and everyone wants him to divorce his wife, he loves her and see’s no fault in her, letting the teachers and men of wisdom decided her punishment. (The Mabinogi, p.51) Underlining all of the heroes of the Celtic stories is how human they are. Even Taliesin, the divinely inspired poet did not become who he was without stealing the three drops of wisdom. (The Mabinogi, p.163) The Celtic stories not only depict their successes and failures in warfare, discernment, and love, but also their painful sacrifices in attempting to keep the admiration and trust of their kingdoms. Honor and the Celtic Heroes Essay -- Irish Myths The honor-code within the Mabinogi, The Tain, and Gantz’s Early Irish Myths and Sagas underlines the ethos of the traditional Celtic hero. Yet, the compliance of the honor-code could be better observed as serving the identity and reputation of the hero rather than a deeper code of morality as it might suggest. The gae bolga, Efnisien, Mider’s love for Etain, and Rhiannon’s magic bag are all instruments of unworldly power, making the impossible possible for each of the heroes. It is because of these supernatural influences that the heroes are both blessed and cursed by power’s perfection. The compliance to the honor-code plays less a role in truly enabling the hero and yet it’s essential in the development of the hero’s identity and reputation among his allies and enemies. Within The Tain, the warrior Cuchulainn is characterized as a flawless hero, destined to die young. Cuchulainn’s honor to Ulster could easily be measured by the uncountable number of warriors he’s killed with his various skills and gae bolga, yet the killing of his only son Connla and his Foster-brother Ferdia proves to be his most difficult and heroic task. Despite Emer’s plea for Cuchulainn to spare his only son, Cuchulainn provokes the boy to fight him, using his gae bolga to kill him. Cuchulainn’s honor to Ulster through the sacrifice of his son not only grieves him, but all the men of Ulster. (The Tain, p.45) Tragically, the boy expresses the essence of a warrior’s honor to the men of Ulster and to Cuchulainn in obeying his wishes to refuse no man in combat (The Tain, p.33). The boy bids his farewell to the men of Ulster saying, â€Å"If only I had five years among you I would slaughter the warriors of the world for you. . . But since it is li ke this, point me o... ...n’s kingdom for a year and killing Hafgan for Arawn. (The Mabinogi, p.38) And his honor in not talking or sleeping with Arawn’s wife earns him an enduring friendship, gaining him otherworld treasures and the kingship of Annwfn. (The Mabinogi, p.41-42) Even when his wife Rhiannon’s child is abducted and everyone wants him to divorce his wife, he loves her and see’s no fault in her, letting the teachers and men of wisdom decided her punishment. (The Mabinogi, p.51) Underlining all of the heroes of the Celtic stories is how human they are. Even Taliesin, the divinely inspired poet did not become who he was without stealing the three drops of wisdom. (The Mabinogi, p.163) The Celtic stories not only depict their successes and failures in warfare, discernment, and love, but also their painful sacrifices in attempting to keep the admiration and trust of their kingdoms.

Governments Should Not Negotiate With Terrorists Essay

Would you give a thief $100,000 to get your stolen purse back? If you were to give a thief $100,000, you would make him think that he can make a profit out of stealing purses. The thief would also use the $100,000 to buy a gun or other weapons or vehicles that would help him steal future purses. Now think about the thief as a terrorist and you as a government. Should governments negotiate with terrorists? Terrorism activities have increased these past few years due to faulty decisions made by governments when dealing with terrorists. Many have made the mistake of compromising with terrorists, which makes them appear weak and targetable, which only sponsors future terrorist acts. The outcomes of past government agreements with terrorists have only worsened and perpetuated this situation. The paying of millions of dollars as ransom to terrorist kidnappers and hostage/takers has also fueled future terrorist attacks and has only made terrorism profitable, making it more attractive to terrorists. Governments legitimize terrorism by compromising; therefore governments should not negotiate with terrorists, rather marginalize and weaken their organizations by refusing them any concessions and targeting individuals within their groups. The reasoning behind terrorism is that violence can be used to attract the attention of governments and the general public, who as a result, succumb to the terrorist’s ideas and/or desires. Unfortunately, this terrorist tactic is sometimes effective, like in the 2004 Madrid Bombings. On March 11, ETA, a terrorist organization, bombed four commuter trains in Madrid. Their objective was to cause a political change in Spain; the elections were that same weekend. Before the bombings, the People’s Party was the voter’s favorite, but ETA’s terrorist attack caused a drastic change in the ballot and the Socialist Party won. After winning the election, the Socialist Party decided to remove the Spanish troops in Iraq, which is what ETA wanted. Because of this turn of events, Downing says: â€Å"†¦the terrorists would be able to claim that their bombings had influenced both a European election and the situation in Iraq. † (Downing 38-39) Since the people and the government reacted to the attack the way ETA wanted it too, the terrorists could have considered the attack successful, and as a consequence may attack again. The message the government sent ETA is that if they want a change, they should just use violence to obtain it. Governments must be careful with terrorist’s interest and their own interests when making controversial decisions, especially those made shortly after terrorist attacks, like the bombings in Madrid. In that case, the decision was whether or not to remove Spanish troops from Iraq. ETA wanted them removed, and the Socialist Party decided to remove them because of the pressure they were put under. Removing the troops was a mistake because it just pleased the terrorists; it made the terrorists feel they can manipulate the government through pressure induced by brutality. Governments should always include terrorist interests in important decision-making, but not to make the decision in the terrorist’s favor, rather to make the decision in a way that terrorists are not satisfied by it and cannot take any credit from it. Governments must show that they are strong, and that they are not and will not be influenced by terrorism. (Downing 38-39) Governments make themselves appear weak by succumbing to pressure, and sometimes the pressure does not even come from the terrorists in the situation, but from other governments, leaders or groups. Even if they might want to interfere for the most pacific reasons, peace negotiations with terrorists do not have the best outcomes. First of all, they are terrorists; therefore, their favorite and only way of attempting to achieve their goals is through violence. This means that if they do not receive what they desire through force, they believe they cannot get it through peace either. Secondly, terrorists are unpredictable; they cannot be trusted. Thirdly, most terrorists do not back down, especially jihadists, because they are willing to lose their life for what they believe in. Lastly, if a government makes peace with terrorists, and the terrorists do not keep their end of the deal, then the government will appear weak and defeated, while the terrorist will appear victorious. These are the reasons for which governments should not attempt to make peace with terrorists. They should try to end terrorism instead of making a truce with it. A perfect example of why governments should not seek peace from terrorists is an incident the U. S. government had in Fallujah. U. S. Marines attempted to compromise with jihadists in Fallujah after being pressured by European officials and human rights groups. The U. S. Secretary of State, Colin Powell, said they wanted peace instead of war in Fallujah, but the jihadists misunderstood and considered the compromise a victory over the Americans. (Rubin 19-20) As a result, the misunderstanding led to 30 car bombings. Not only did the U. S. appear weak because of this failed compromise; it also encouraged the jihadists to carry on with their terrorist acts because the jihadists believed they defeated them, and that they were capable of defeating them again. Truces with terrorists are very tricky and unpredictable, and should always be avoided because an unfavorable outcome can be catastrophic and can lead to more violence. Just as truces with terrorists can be very tricky, negotiating with terrorist kidnappers and hostage-takers can be very tricky as well. Recently terrorists use these tactics to create an audience full of suspense. These tactics now create more attention than massacres and bombings because people are getting more accustomed to them as they happen. (Rubin 22) Kidnappings/hostage takings are becoming more and more popular and sadly, governments have been making it even more popular by making it profitable. They make it profitable by negotiating and paying ransoms to terrorists because negotiating with kidnappers legitimizes their act and as a result further proliferates terrorism. It has spread terrorism because the terrorists have learned that kidnapping/hostage-taking has become very profitable. (Rubin 23) In March 2000, Muammar al-Qadhafi, a Libyan leader, paid Abu Sayyaf, a hostage-taker based in the Philippines, a $25 million ransom for the release of priests, teachers, and children he had kidnaped from a school. (Rubin 23) After receiving the money, Abu Sayyaf expanded his terrorist group from a couple hundred to more than a thousand members and bought speedboats and weapons, which were used for other kidnappings. By paying the terrorist such a large ransom to keep the captives from getting harmed, Muammar al-Qadhafi funded future kidnappings, putting more people in danger. The paying of the ransom also made kidnapping productive for Sayyaf, because they technically rewarded him for terrorism, encouraging him to carry out more terrorist acts because he will get money or other concession out of them. The same case occurred in Sahel. The â€Å"Bin Laden of the Desert†, Ammari Saifi, took 32 European vacationers in the Algerian desert, and held them hostage for 177 days. The German government paid a five million euro ransom and they were released, but Ammari Saifi used the money to buy weapons and vehicles. (Rubin 24) The German government funded future kidnappings similar to how the Libyan leader did. It is a pattern: terrorists kidnap citizens; they ask for reward in return for the hostages; and then they use the ransom they get paid to repeat this cycle more effectively (with new and more members, weapons and vehicles). Governments should not keep rewarding terrorists with million dollar ransoms because all they have been doing is perpetuating the cycle instead of ending it. Governments should use force to recover captives and avoid rewarding terrorists with ransoms. It is an actual U. S. government policy â€Å"to deny hostage takers the benefit of ransom, prisoner releases, policy changes, or other acts of concession. † (â€Å"Counter-Terrorism: History, Strategy and Tactics† Web) Western governments should also respond to kidnapping by thinking about the safety of the majority of their citizens instead of an individual. Even though it could end in injury or death of the captive, in the long term it prevents further kidnappings. (Rubin, 24) So governments should try their best to recover captives, but without the use of ransoms because in the long run, a short tragedy is better than the endangerment a larger amount of citizens. Governments should not appease with terrorists, they should use intelligence to take them down instead. â€Å"In a war between networks, the side with superior intelligence wins. † (Garreau 60) The more information and technology is obtained, the better the chances of defeating the terrorists are because more effective strategies can be put into action. Governments should use this knowledge to find the leader and how to target them. The leader of the group is key because the disruption or terrorist leaderships weaken terrorist organization and causes them to struggle and expose themselves. (Rubin, 27) This has been happening with Osama bin Laden and his terrorist organization: â€Å"The loss of bin Laden and these other key operatives puts the network on a path of decline that will be difficult to reverse. † (â€Å"Country Reports on Terrorism 2011† Web) Be careful with this strategy: â€Å"Better the devil you know. Like [Libyan dictator][Moammar] Gaddafi, keep him alive, because you know him. Who knows what sort of clever mastermind might replace him. † (Garreau 60) Past concessions to terrorists have proven that government negotiations with them make terrorism productive; therefore governments should marginalize, isolate or eliminate the threat. Doing so would make terrorist acts unprofitable for those who carry them out. In order to avoid the further proliferation of terrorism, governments must take a firm stand against these foes and send a message of zero tolerance against terrorist acts. ? Works Cited â€Å"Chapter 1. Strategic Assessment. † U. S. Department of State. U. S. Department of State, 31 July 2012. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. . â€Å"Counter-Terrorism: History, Strategy and Tactics. † Counter-Terrorism: History, Strategy and Tactics. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. . Downing, David. â€Å"Madrid Bombings. † The War on Terror. Mankato: Arcturus Publishing, 2008. 38-39. Print. Garreau, Joel. â€Å"Intelligence Gathering Is the Best Way to Reduce Terrorism. † At Issue. Are Efforts to Reduce Terrorism Succesful? Ed. Lauri S. Friedman. Farmington Hills: Greenhaven Press, 2005. 57-63. Rubin, Michael and Suzanne Gershowitz. â€Å"Governments Should Never Negotiate with Terrorists. † At Issue. Should Governments Negotiate with Terrorists? Ed. Amanda Hiber. Farmington Hills: Greenhaven Press, 2008. 15-29.

Mcdonalds Annual Report

Annual Report Project 1. a) The letter to the shareholders emphasizes the growth of McDonald’s Corporation and their deepening connection with customers on a global scale. In the letter it is stated that Europe now generates about 40% of overall revenue, and that Asia/Pacific, Middle East, and Africa have doubled their income contribution in the past six years. The letter also states that the core drivers of McDonald’s Corporation’s business are â€Å"People, Products, Place, Price, and Promotion,† and that they are disciplined around building their brand holistically and enhancing the customer experience. 2.The Management’s Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) main topics are; Description of the business, strategic direction and financial performance, highlights from the year, and finally the outlook for 2012. Information of importance gathered within the MD&A includes McDonald’s affirmation to continue to be customer-focused. The ability to adapt l ocally to specific countries and cities allows McDonald’s to become â€Å"better, not just bigger† (10) giving the company the potential for increased revenue. In 2011 McDonald’s remained focused on maximizing their core business as well as driving down administrative costs.The company took in more in sales than the previous year while spending less, having an operating margin of 31. 6%. McDonald’s strives to differentiate from its competitors by sheer growth. $2. 7 billion dollars was invested primarily to open new stores and remodel existing stores. All dollar amounts expressed in millions 3. a) Sales by Company-Operated Restaurants @ 18,292. 8 b) Food and Paper @ 6,167. 2 c) Total Revenue: 12. 2% increase from previous year (24,074. 6 in 2010 to 27,006 in 2011) Operating Income: 14. 1% increase from previous year (7,473. 1 in 2010 to 8,529. 7 in 2011) Net Income: 11. % increase from previous year (4,946. 3 in 2010 to 5,503. 1 in 2011) 4. a) The amount of common stock cash dividends reported in the Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity paid out was 2,609. 7. b) No notes were provided for dividends, however there was a weighted-average assumption with expected dividend yields to be 3. 2%. 5. a) Largest current asset: Cash and Equivalents @ 2,335. 7 Largest long-term asset: Property and Equipment, at cost @ 35,737. 6 Trends: Cash and Equivalents decreased 2. 1% from previous year (2,387 in 2010 to 2,335. 7 in 2011 Property and Equipment, at cost increased 3. % (34,482. 4 in 2010 to 35,737. 6 in 2011) Accounts Receivable increased 13. 2% (1,179,1 in 2010 to 1,334. 7 in 2011) b) Current Liabilities: 18. 9% of total liabilities @ 3,509. 2 Largest Liability: Long term debt @ 12,133. 8 Accounts Payable increased 1. 8% (943. 9 in 2010 to 961. 3 in 2011) Total liabilities: 56. 4% of Total Liabilities and Stockholder’s Equity @ 18,599. 7 c) Kinds of stock reported: Preferred Stock, Common Stock, and Common Stock in Tr easury, at cost Retained Earnings: 86% of Stockholder’s Equity @ 36,707. 5 6. a) Net change in cash for 2011 was (51. 3) a decrease. ) Of the three major activities operating activities was the only to provide cash 7,150. 1, while investing activities used cash for investing 2,570. 9 as well as financing activities used cash for financing activities 4,533. 0. 7. a) The notes are divided into 12 categories which include a total of 35 subcategories b) No information about inventories was provided in the notes 8. a) Burger King’s most significant source of revenue is company restaurant revenue 1,638. 7 b) The largest expense that Burger King declares is its selling, general and administrative expense totaling 417. . c) Revenue trend for 2011 compared to 2010 is a loss of (68. 7) or 2. 9%, operating income trend is 185. 1 or 104. 3% while net income trend is 42. 7 or 94. 1%. d) Largest current asset is cash and cash equivalents listed at 459. 0. e) Largest long-term asset is intangible assets listed at 2,823. 3. f) Largest liability Burger King carries is term debt 3,010. 3. g) 2011 retained earnings was listed as a deficit of (27. 6) while total stockholder’s equity is listed at 1,049. 2 this is due to the fact the company received an additional 1190. 1 paid-in capital.

Based god

Dear college admissions, Affirmative action really helps minorities and under privileged Americans. It helps them pay for college and get the right training they need for success later on in life, which will help the, later on in life to get better Jobs. Hand in hand it'll help out our economy in the long run. I can understand that some people would say that it wouldn't be beneficial for the people that aren't from minority backgrounds and that ffirmative action is discrimination.People may say that its discrimination because the people registering students are looking if theyre for ethnicity to see if they need help paying for school. But in my opinion you money only comes in one color, and that's green. If I could change some things about affirmative action it would be that the applicants wouldn't have to be of color or ethnicity, they would Just have to meet the income requirements.We would check their parent's annual income and see the best fit amount of money for their situation . When someone applies it shouldn't tell us the race of the applicant, it should Just state the income, parents in the household, and the other basic information. Race shouldn't influence others opinions.

Economic Critique Essay

Maintaining a stable economy is no small challenge for any nation however possessing the ability to change and invent new and created ways of maintaining makes for a thriving economy. This newsletter will summarize the different economic factors that affect aggregate demand and supply such as unemployment, expectations, consumer income, and interest rates within the United States. Additionally, what fiscal policies are recommended by the United States government and whether or not these policies are effective and getting them back on track are discussed. Unemployment In the current state of unemployment as of July 2013, twenty eight states have had increases, eight states decreases, and fourteen states have had no change in unemployment rates, U.s. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2013). It was also reported that in June 2012 the rate was lower by .8 percent from 7.4 percent. While unemployment rates started to shoot to a high not seen in years, in 2008, the economy almost went into a recession. After President Obama took office he signed the Recovery Act in 2009. This act was the catalyst that sprung the economy out of its downward spiral and drove unemployment rates down. The act created more American jobs for out-of-work Americans bringing in 3.5 million jobs, Executive Office of the President (2013). Unemployment is consistently fluctuating and as of recently, the rates have been going down. Due to the government bail-outs and the Reinvestment Act also of 2009, more and more jobs have been created. Construction, road repairs, transit system enhancements and the auto industry in the U.S. have been invested in to restore jobs to the country. As of July 2013 some 7 million jobs have been added to the economy via private sectors contribution of employment for a span of 40 months. This just goes to show that the Recovery Act and the Reinvestment Act have made a sizable impact positively on unemployment to present. Expectations Consumers’ expectations of the economy and where it stands plays a vital role in the consumption expenditures. According to Fazel: â€Å"It has been argued that customers’ expectations about the economy’s future should have an impact on consumers’ decisions about how much to consume and how much to save. While consumers’ expectations seem to be a strong predictor for future consumption expenditures, there are potential statistical problems with the use of current available estimates of consumer’s expectations.† Consumers are not likely to spend or borrow money when the economy is unstable and uncertain therefore the consumption expenditures are down. This is a particular problem for a government trying to stable or maintain stability of its economy. The United States has generally done a good job at keeping their citizens vested in their economy. Consumer Income The United States is one of the greatest countries in the world with a population well over 300 hundred million citizens. It is the producer of the largest gross domestic product of the world. The primary factor contributing to this besides the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time is Consumer income. According to the BLS.gov (2011) â€Å"consumer income is generated through hourly wages, salary, tips, and other forms of income†. In the United States these income brackets can be divided into several classes, which include the Super-Rich (est.0.9%), Rich (est. 5%), Middle Class (majority; 46%), Working Class (est.40-45%), and the Poor (est. 12%) (BLS.gov, 2011). We as a society buy a variety of goods and services with our income resources, which contribute to the United States economy. The graph below demonstrates an average household income for typical U.S Household. Household Income by Quintiles According to the New York Times Data| All Households| Lowest 20%| Second 20%| Middle 20%| Fourth 20%| Highest 20%| Top 5%| Households (in 1000s)| 113,146| 22,629| 22,629| 22,629| 22,629| 22,629| 5,695| Lower limit| $0| $0| $18,500| $34,738| $55,331| $88,030| $157,176| Median number of income earners| 1| 0| 1| 1| 2| 2| 2| Owner occupied| 62.4%| 49.0%| 58.8%| 68.9%| 80.5%| 90.0%| 92.8%| Renter occupied| 29.2%| 48.3%| 39.7%| 29.9%| 18.7%| 9.6%| 6.9%| Non-family households| 31.93%| 58.92%| 40.02%| 29.96%| 19.12%| 11.64%| 9.36%| Family households| 68.06%| 41.06%| 59.97%| 70.04%| 80.87%| 88.35%| 90.61%| Married couple families| 51.35%| 19.03%| 38.89%| 51.00%| 67.05%| 80.08%| 85.59%| Single-male family| 4.32%| 3.08%| 4.64%| 5.69%| 4.89%| 3.30%| 2.47%| Single-female family| 12.38%| 18.94%| 16.43%| 13.35%| 8.93%| 4.24%| 2.54%| Interest Interest rates in one of the major components of why the United States economy is where it is stands today. Interest rate is the cost of borrowing money. The Federal Reserve has lowered interest rates to stabilize the economy. This is one of the fiscal policies they have applied to correct this problem. Yes, the recession of 2007 has caused for lowered interest rates in 2013. The economy has been on a downturn and one of the ways to turn this downward flow around is to lower interest rates. Applying low interest rates will help households across the states save money in addition to businesses finance new spending (â€Å"Why Are Interest Rates Being Kept at a Low Level?† 2013). Furthermore, because of the lowering of interest rates, the United States dollar is depreciating. Another policy the government has created is monetary incentives for businesses in hopes of getting them to hire more employees. This process will work however maybe not in the timeframe people want it to ha ppen. Overall, the Federal Reserve plays a vital role in that depreciation however, it has to for the economy to recover. Unemployment, expectations, consumer income, and interest rates all have an effect on the aggregate demand and supply. For example, high unemployment means there are less people working and less money to spend, therefore there is less demand on the economy. Additionally, unemployment could cause lower demand of labor which also effects aggregate demand and this shifts cause the aggregate demand to curve to the left. Next, expectations could increase the aggregate demand if households and businesses feel more comfortable about the stability of the economy, they will be more inclined to invest their money and make large purchases. Consumer income can increase or decrease aggregate demand simply by if a household has disposable income. Consumer expenditure is the largest factor to aggregate demand. When a household has disposable income, it is more  likely the household will spend or invest those funds. If consumption increases, the quantity demanded of goods and services increases therefore the demand for supply increases. On the other hand, if consumption decreases, the quantity demanded of goods and services and supply decreases. Finally, interest rates also play a role in the possible shift of aggregate demand. The higher the interes t rates are for borrowing, the less likely households and businesses will want to borrow. When interest rates increases, investments decreases and conversely, when interest rates decreases, investments increases. Unemployment, expectations, consumer income, and interest rates can have a positive or negative effect on the aggregate demand and supply. In conclusion, maintaining a stable economy is enormous challenge that must be dealt with extreme care. The United States have created new ways of stabilizing its economy even though it was on the verge of a recession such as creating jobs for the unemployed and incentives for businesses hiring new employees. The different economic factors that affect the economy are unemployment, expectations, consumer income, and interest rates. The United States has done a good job in managing these different factors. Lowering interest rates will help the economy create revenue because consumers are more willing to borrow and spend money. The United States has incorporated these policies in effort to stable their economy. Thus far, they are the right track. References: (2013). Retrieved from http://whitehouse.gov/economy (2013). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/home.htm (2013). Retrieved from http://www.cnbc.com/consumer.htm, Retrieved on 08/26/2013 (2013). Retrieved from http:/www.bls.gov/ers/unemployment Fazel, S. (2005, Spring). Consumers’ Expectation and Consumption Expenditures. Journal for Economic Educators, 5(), 1-5. Why Are Interest Rates Being Kept at a Low Level?. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.federalreserve.gov/faqs/money_12849.htm