He Who Sleeps On My Lap

The subject in this poem is the perplexity of the homosexual guy’s emotion to his male friend. This is about a homosexual guy who has desires for his male friend but is unwilling to reveal his emotions for fear of condemnation and mockery from his friends, family and community. The persona’s feelings are at war with himself.He is willing to take the risk of his lifetime to be able to show his friend the depth of his feelings but yet again, he is afraid of the consequences that will come about with the revelation knowing full well that his friend doesn’t want to entertain other sexual possibilities and is also in love with somebody else, and a girl at that. In the final analysis, his fear won over his love. We find the persona unable to conquer his dilemma.Knowing the mind-set of his friend regarding sexual relationships, that the only correct thing is that between a man and a woman, he already assumed that a relationship with him will never be possible, that his dream will never come true. As what we’ve understood, the persona is a homosexual man who hides his real self from the society. At first, the tone is argumentative because we see the persona trying to show the guy that there are other possibilities for a relationship, not just between a man and a woman. This will be supported by the line: â€Å"He says he is a man and a man needs a woman and I disagree.We argue until he grows tired of talking and sleeps on my lap on this chilly nightâ€Å". The poem also shows a tone of sadness because of a dream that will never come true. It is also wistful for what could be and this will be supported by the line: â€Å"I am here slaughtering one wicked wish that when he wakes up I shall be his dream†. From that line itself, it shows that the persona really harbours the thought that his love could be given back in return. But then again, he is afraid to show his real feelings knowing that the guy is in love with somebody else.So, he will content himself with just being friends and therefore containing his emotions. As we go through the poem, we see some words that we do not just take at literal value but look for a deeper meaning of the word/words. The word â€Å"sleep† in the poem implies a closed mind not yet ready to explore other possible sexual relationships. It is like when you are asleep, you do not know what is going on around you and it is in a way showing that you are not entertaining ideas that are contrary to yours. And so because you do not want to belabour the issue, you end the argument by going to sleep.It can be construed as a sign of weakness because you will not sit out and discuss the issue. You don’t want anything to be changed so ignoring is the solution that you’d rather undertake. By the use of the word â€Å"slaughtering†, the persona shows very fierce desire towards his male friend because he could have used simpler words such as â€Å"ending†. Inste ad, he used a very harsh word such as â€Å"slaughtering† which is really very brutal. The words â€Å"sleeps gently on my lap† imply that the guy has total trust on the persona. Their friendship is too deep and they are very comfortable with one another.So, we will assume that the guy does not know that the persona is a homosexual. Or, should we say, that he would rather forget it and act as if nothing happened. He is already happy with their relationship and he doesn’t want to change anything so he refuses to talk about it more which is why he would rather sleep than discuss the issue. As for our opinion, we can really say that he chose the right words, words that can push us to look deeper, words that can show vivid pictures of what is really going on and how he is really feeling.We assume that the scene happened in the persona’s house at night probably in the porch. This will be supported by the words â€Å"on this chilly night. † We can also p icture a cold wind blowing. That is why the scene could not have taken place inside the house, otherwise they would not feel the chill. The mood in this poem is a love that is doomed. The persona loves his male friend but he is unable to really express it due to their conflicting beliefs. His male friend believes that a man needs a woman and he believes otherwise. He argues with his friend but to no avail so we can say that it is a love that is doomed.It is a love that can never be due to conflicting beliefs and also because of the persona’s fear that if he will reveal his real self, he might not be accepted by the society and he could lose the friendship he deeply treasures. So, he is trying his very best to kill his emotions knowing that it will only cause him more pain if he will not stop it. Before we start to determine the cadence of the poem â€Å"He who sleeps on my lap†, let us first clarify what is cadence so that it won’t be hard for us to identify wha t is the tone of the poem. Cadence is a rhythmic sequence or flow of sounds in language.It is where the beat changes its motion. It may be a poem, a story or a piece of music. It is the way a person’s voice changes by rising or falling while he or she is speaking. There is a rhythmic sequence of sounds or voices. For example, a soft and smooth voice gives the poem an evaluation of being lonely or sadness. Moreover it also gives the poem emotions and feelings. It gives the poem the quality of having the sensation of excitement, sadness, sorrow, grief, and joy. In the poem â€Å"He who sleeps on my lap†, the rhythmic sequence is sadness and sorrow. There is a slow motion of speaking.The voice is falling gently because of the persona’s feeling of loneliness. Evidences that prove the poem’s sensational quality of sadness and fear of being alone are the words â€Å"My friend who sleeps on my lap loves someone else† which tells us that the persona is fee ling down and sad, and the words â€Å"that I am here slaughtering one wicked wish that when he wakes up I shall be his dream† which gives the sensation of fear of admitting his feelings to the person. The slow motion of the persona’s voice here gives it the sense of emotion and sadness. Almost every word in the poem touches our heart.We feel his heartbreak. We feel his aloneness knowing that he bears a problem that he cannot share with anybody due to fear of condemnation and we pity him for the burden that he is carrying. Sound devices are usually classified as consonance or assonance. Consonance is a pleasing combination of sounds; sounds in agreement with tone. It is the repetition of consonants within two or more words in sequence. It is often confused with alliteration, which is a type of consonance. Consonance in poetry serves many similar functions as alliteration as well as its own special functions.Generally speaking, consonance in poetry provides varied audit ory range. A stream of consonance serves the purpose of drawing the audience into the words. Consonance in poetry can take on an almost hypnotic beat that captivates the audience without being as obvious as alliteration. Using different types of consonance within a poem also prevents it from sounding like a child’s rhyme, unlike a poetic device such as alliteration. Consonance and assonance give a bounce to the poem. The repeated consonant is always on the stressed syllable, which creates an even more emphasized sound on the consonant words.When mixed with other words within the phrase that has consonance, one's voice naturally rises and dips, creating a â€Å"bouncing† sound. This sound naturally excites the ears and the brain. It gives the audience alertness and excitement. It will also help the audience to focus and avoid boredom. Assonance, on the other hand, is a rhetorical device often used in poetry to add a deeper sense of meaning to the imagery therein. It is usually defined as the repetition of vowel sounds within words or syllables. For example, the words â€Å"wait† and â€Å"stay† demonstrate assonance with each other because they both contain the same interior vowel sound.The use of repeated vowel sounds within words and syllables is said to appeal to the ear of the reader and establish the writer's artistic authority. Assonance is often found in poetry, where it generally helps the verse flow more smoothly. It is not generally considered an element of poetic form or structure. Instead, it is more often thought of as an extra poetic flourish. The use of assonance in poetry is generally considered to give the poet more creative leeway, and it can allow the poet to create an illusion of structure in poetry, which does not typically follow poetic conventions such as form or structure.In the poem â€Å"He who sleeps in my lap†, consonance are commonly found with s form. Some end in s and when you hear the tone or th e voice of the poem, s letters are commonly found. For example; the words sleeps, loves, someone, else, says, is, needs, disagree, grows, sleeps, sigh, loves, someone, else, still, sleeps, innocent, slaughtering, wish, wakes, and shall in the poem had more s sounds which gives it the quality of sadness and sorrow. It gives the audience attention and also for the audience to stay tuned in the poem. Assonance in the poem are found in the form of o, a, and e sound.O sounds like someone, knowing, loves, on, on, of, argue, grows, woman, on, on, knowing, innocent, and slaughtering. A sounds like lap, Loves, someone, a man, and, a, man, a, and, disagree, and, lap, sigh, but, lap, not, that, am, one, up, that, shall, And, I, I, tired, until, and night. Even though most of them were not spelled as †a†, they still have this quality of sound holding the a tone. E sounds like friend, sleep, else, He, says, he, is, needs, we, he, sleeps, this, chilly, he, else, still, sleeps, gently, here, wicked, wish, when, he, wakes, bed, dream, and his.All of these words might not have similarities in the spelling but still have a, o, and e sounds similar to our senses of hearing. They all give the sense and flow of softness and smoothness in the poem. It gave the poem a quality of vowel sounds giving the poem a dense and smooth flow. Imagery is an important tool in poetry. When you hear the term imagery, you might think of visual images. Imagery, however, can and should involve at least one of the five senses: sight, sound, smell, touch, and taste.Visual imagery includes the senses of sight, sound for auditory imagery, smell for olfactory imagery, touch for tactile imagery, and taste for gustatory imagery. Good poetry is generally rich in imagery. The reader can imagine actually seeing or hearing or touching the things described. Imagery shows rather than tells, which is important in good poetry. Imagery is often used in a poem to evoke emotions in the reader. A poem which describes a dark sky and oppressive, heavy air gives us a sense of foreboding. A poem about a braided rug on a polished floor, the color of honey and a crackling fire gives us a cozy, homey kind of feeling.Every poem has imagery. It is the characteristic of the poem that makes it colorful and interesting. It makes the poem livelier and it pushes the reader to use his or her imagination. In the poem, visual, auditory and tactile are commonly found. Lines like â€Å"loves someone else†, â€Å"on this chilly night†, and â€Å"I shall be his dream† are visual imageries found in the text. The phrase â€Å"loves someone else† is considered as visual because it make you wonder who this woman really is and how she looks like. Next is the line â€Å"on this chilly night† which is very visual because you can imagine a night with a cold atmosphere.Lastly, the words â€Å"I shall be his dream† which is visual because when you dream you see things and p ictures popping on your mind and you see the involvement of imagination. Auditory imagery are also found in the line â€Å"he says he is a man, and a man needs a woman. And I disagree, we argue until he grows tired of talking, and I sigh† because there is an involvement of sounds. For instance when we argue, we speak and speaking involves producing sound which is considered as auditory. Same as the poem, if we were about to imagine it, there is an involvement of sound.Tactile sensation or imagery on the other hand is the involvement of touch. For instance the sentence, â€Å"He is tapping your seatmate. † is a tactile imagery. There is an interaction that takes place. In the lines â€Å"who sleeps on my lap†, â€Å"and sleeps on my lap†, and â€Å"but still sleeps gently on my lap†, you can see or imagine the interaction between the two individuals and there is a sensational touch involved. Sleeping on the lap of a person is thoroughly considered a s tactile sensation. (references: http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-assonance. htm http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-consonance.htm http://voices. yahoo. com/the-imagery-poetry-1036321. html) Every poem consists different qualities of figures of speech. Each of them has its unique way of making the poem interesting and attractive. The point of figures of speech in poetry is to give vividness or heighten the beauty of its style. Commonly words are employed in a nonliteral sense for special effects. In order for a poem to sound elegant certain figures of speech are applied like metaphor, hyperbole, synecdoche, simile, apostrophe, Chiasmus, Antithesis, Anaphora, alliteration, Ellipsis, irony and etcetera.These figures of speech convey meanings or certain messages that are obfuscated in the language so that the reader can interpret multiple meanings from the verse. As for the poem â€Å"He who sleeps on my lap†, many types of figures of speech are used to make the poem vivid, ele gant, attractive, interesting and beautiful and these are the following; alliteration, anaphora, caesura, ambiguity, and enjambment. As you can see in the line â€Å"My friend who sleeps on my lap loves someone else†, the repetition of the word â€Å"my† is an anaphora.Moreover, in the line â€Å"He says he is a man and a man needs a woman and I disagree†, there’s also a repetition of the words â€Å"he† and â€Å"a man†, making it an anaphora. Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or phrase. Another figure of speech is ambiguity which is a word, statement, or situation with two or more possible meanings. For example, the lines found in the poem such as â€Å"he who sleeps on my lap† may give two or more meanings depending on the point of view of the reader. Caesura is also found in the poem.It is the rhythmic break or pause in the flow of sound which is commonly introduced in about the middle of a line of verse, but may be vari ed for different effects. Usually placed between syllables rhythmically connected in order to aid the recital as well as to convey the meaning more clearly, it is a pause dictated by the sense of the content or by natural speech patterns, rather than by metrics. It may coincide with conventional punctuation marks, but not necessarily. In the line â€Å"And I sigh†, it pauses and takes a break and the flow of sound stops and resumes.Lastly, a figure of speech which is enjambment is also found in the middle and in the last phrase of the poem. Enjambment is the running-over of a sentence or phrase from one poetic line to the next without terminal punctuation; the opposite of end-stopped. They are found in the phrases â€Å"that I am here slaughtering one wicked wish that when he wakes up I shall be his dream† and â€Å"we argue until he grows tired of talking and sleeps on my lap on this chilly night†. They run-over without pausing and without terminal punctuation. It didn’t have punctuation instead it goes on continuously. The title, â€Å"He who sleeps on my lap† may seem to have a literal meaning. It could mean that if they have some time alone, they huddle together and be in that position as the literal meaning of the title suggests. But concerning on how the author delivers the poem, the title might mean something else, something deeper. The phrase, â€Å"Sleeps on my lap† could suggest the closeness that they are sharing with one another. It may represent the feeling of comfort when they are together.It could also show that there is a bond between them, that they are close enough for the man to be able to sleep in his lap. That is a show of intimacy. The persona wants to talk about his loved one but he doesn’t want to specifically say the name so he uses the pronoun â€Å"he†. The title is secretive because it does not reveal who exactly is sleeping in his lap. We know it is a man because of the pronoun â€Å"he† but we do not know his exact relationship or how close he is to the writer of the poem. One can assume that usually the one who sleeps on the lap is a woman.So, it is kind of unusual to find out that it is a man. By the use of the pronoun â€Å"he†, there is already an innuendo that this does not talk about a boy-girl relationship. As we started to analyze the title, it seems as if it implies that a person could be close to you and yet not really know you inside and out. From the outside looking in, it looks like a love story. But when you’ve read it completely, you will see that it is not just an ordinary love story. â€Å"People tend to hide their true selves just to satisfy society’s demand on gender. †

The Papaer Java Test Questions and Answers

Gaddis – Starting Out With Java 5 – From Control Structures to Objects Chapter 06 – A First Look At Classes Multiple Choice 1. One or more objects may be created from a(n)_____. a. field b. class c. method d. instance ANS: B 2. Class objects normally have _____ that perform useful operations on their data, but primitive variables do not. a. fields b. instances c. methods d. relationships ANS: C 3. In the cookie cutter method: Think of the _____ as a cookie cutter and _____ as the cookies. a. object; classes b. class; objects c. class; fields d. field; methods ANS: B 4. A UML diagram does not contain _____. . class name b. methods c. fields d. object names ANS: D 5. An access specifier indicates how the class may be accessed. a. True b. False ANS: A 6. Data hiding, which means that critical data stored inside the object is protected from code outside the object is accomplished in Java by _____. a. using the public access specifier on the class methods b. using the private access specifier on the class methods c. using the private access specifier on the class definition d. using the private access specifier on the class fields ANS: D 7. For the following code, which statement is not true? ublic class Sphere { private double radius; public double x; private double y; private double z; } a. x is available to code that is written outside the Sphere class. b. radius is not available to code written outside the Sphere class. c. radius, x, y, and z are called members of the Sphere class. d. z is available to code that is written outside the Sphere class. ANS: D 8. Which of the following is not part of the method header? a. Method name b. Return type c. Access specifier d. Parameter variable declaration e. All of the above are parts of the method header ANS: E 9.A method that stores a value in a class’s field or in some other way changes the value of a field is known as a mutator method. a. True b. False ANS: A 10. You should not define a cl ass field that is dependent upon the values of other class fields _____. a. in order to avoid having stale data b. because it is redundant c. because it should be defined in another class d. in order to keep it current ANS: A 11. The following UML diagram entry means _____ + setHeight(h : double) : void a. this is a public field called Height and is a double data type b. this is a private method with no parameters and returns a double data type c. his is a private field called Height and is a double data type d. this is a public method with a parameter of data type double and does not return a value ANS: D 12. Instance methods should be declared static. a. True b. False ANS: B 13. Methods that operate on an object’s fields are called a. instance variables b. instance methods c. public methods d. private methods ANS: B 14. The scope of a private instance field is a. the instance methods of the same class b. inside the class, but not inside any method c. inside the parentheses of a method header d. the method in which they are defined ANS: A 15.A constructor is a method that is automatically called when an object is created. a. True b. False ANS: A 16. A constructor a. always accepts two arguments b. has return type of void c. has the same name as the class d. always has an access specifier of private ANS: C 17. Shadowing is the term used to describe where the field name is hidden by the name of a local or parameter variable. a. True b. False ANS: A 18. Which of the following statements will create a reference, str, to the String, â€Å"Hello, World†? a. String str = â€Å"Hello, World†; b. string str = â€Å"Hello, World†; c. String str = new â€Å"Hello, World†; . str = â€Å"Hello, World†; ANS: A 19. Two or more methods in a class may have the same name as long as a. they have different return types b. they have different parameter lists c. they have different return types, but the same parameter list d. you cannot ha ve two methods with the same name ANS: B 20. Given the following code, what will be the value of finalAmount when it is displayed? public class Order { private int orderNum; private double orderAmount; private double orderDiscount; public Order(int orderNumber, double orderAmt, double orderDisc) { orderNum = orderNumber; orderAmount = orderAmt; rderDiscount = orderDisc; } } public class CustomerOrder { public static void main(String[] args) { int ordNum = 1234; double ordAmount = 580. 00; double discountPer = 0. 1; Order order; double finalAmount = order. orderAmount – order. orderAmount * order. orderDiscount; System. out. println(â€Å"Final order amount = $† + finalAmount); } } a. 528. 00 b. 580. 00 c. There is no value because the constructor has an error. d. There is no value because the object order has not been created. ANS: D 21. A class specifies the _____ and _____ that a particular type of object has. a. relationships; methods b. ields; object names c. field s; methods d. relationships; object names ANS: C 22. ____ refers to the combining of data and code into a single object. a. Data hiding b. Abstraction c. Object d. Encapsulation ANS: D 23. Another term for an object of a class is ____. a. access specifier b. instance c. member d. method ANS: B 24. In this book the general layout of a UML diagram is a box that is divided into three sections. The top section has the ____; the middle section holds ____; the bottom section holds ____. a. class name; fields; methods b. class name; object name; methods c. object name; fields; methods . object name; methods; fields ANS: A 25. The public access specifier for an field indicates that the field may not be accessed by statements outside the class. a. True b. False ANS: B 26. For the following code, which statement is not true? public class Circle { private double radius; public double x; private double y; } a. x is available to code that is written outside the Circle class. b. radius is not ava ilable to code written outside the Circle class. c. radius, x, and y are called members of the Circle class. d. y is available to code that is written outside the Circle class.ANS: D 27. It is common practice in object-oriented programming to make all of a class’s _____. a. methods private b. fields private c. fields public d. fields and methods public ANS: B 28. After the header, the body of the method appears inside a set of a. brackets, [] b. paretheses, () c. braces, {} d. double quotes, â€Å"† ANS: C 29. A method that gets a value from a class’s field but does not change it is known as a mutator method. a. True b. False ANS: B 30. In UML diagrams, a ____ indicates the member is private and a _____ indicates the member is public. a. *; / b. ; @ c. –; + d. (); : ANS: C 31. In a UML diagram to indicate the data type of a variable enter a. the variable name followed by the data type b. the variable name followed by a colon and the data type c. the class name followed by the variable name followed by the data type d. the data type followed by the variable name ANS: B 32. Instance methods do not have the key word static in their headers. a. True b. False ANS: A 33. When an object is created, the fields associated with the object are called a. instance fields b. instance methods c. fixed fields d. class instancesANS: A 34. A constructor is a method that a. returns an object of the class. b. never receives any arguments. c. with the name (class name). constructor. d. performs initialization or setup operations. ANS: D 35. The term â€Å"default constructor† is applied to any constructor that does not accept arguments. a. True b. False ANS: B 36. The scope of a public instance field is a. only the class in which it is defined b. inside the class, but not inside any method c. inside the parentheses of a method header d. the instance methods and methods outside the class ANS: D 37.When a local variable in an instance method has th e same name as an instance field, the instance field hides the local variable. a. True b. False ANS: B 38. Which of the following statements will create a reference, str, to the string, â€Å"Hello, world†? A. String str = new String(â€Å"Hello, World†); B. String str = â€Å"Hello, world†; a. A b. B c. A and B d. Neither A or B ANS: C 39. Overloading means multiple methods in the same class a. have the same name, but different return types b. have different names, but the same parameter list c. have the same name, but different parameter lists d. perform the same function ANS: C

Family and Life

Cause/Effect Essay Did you know that being connected with your family could be the best tool to help you to accomplish your goals much easier? However, a family can influence sometimes in a good way or sometimes in a bad one. Fortunately my family has influenced me in a good manner that in return I will help my relatives just the same way they did. Growing along with my family has influence and improved my life in significant ways. There are three main ways on how my parents have influenced in my life, such as: no to give up on my goals, being responsible for my acts and being solidarity to others.First, one of the most important things that they told me is not to give up on my goals. As I have been gotten older, my mind starts to realize that life without goals is not life, that life without goals or towards something is pointless. I believe everyone when a kid was had dreams to become someone in the future such as: Attorney, Doctor, Professor, and President of The United States of America. My mother, who has been always telling me to believe in myself, that I can achieve my goals if I work harder and believe in myself.As an effect, I graduated from high school last year with good standing grades. I am currently a freshman at Oakton community college working on my way to a four year institute, and I have a part time job at Marshalls Store Department. This was a big achievement in my life because I would not have done it if both my parents were not there sustaining me. Second, effect that my family has on my life is teaching me how to be responsible for my acts. Being responsible in my acts has been teaching me enormous lessons while growing up. This was caused by my oldest sister.She has been through many difficult experiences that taught her to be more responsible for her own acts. Now, I try to do the best in every step that I have to take. Through the years, I have become a better individual in myself by choosing the best ways to be better person in my acts every day by not hurting my family or anyone in my life with my acts. Third, effect that my family has on my life is how to be solidarity to other. I remember how my grandmother, who passed away two years ago, told me that I needed to be solidarity to others if I wanted to live happier and in peace.Furthermore, helping others gives a feeling that words cannot describe itself because this feeling is special I think. Sometimes this feeling fills up a part of me that I cannot fill up with anything else. I help other people whenever I have the opportunity not just because I want to feel special but because it helps me to be a better individual than the day before. My grandma was like a second mother to me, she taught me many values such as: respect, love, tolerance and other things that are essential to put on practice in this life. A family always will be one of the best tools to count on in your live yet.Because any member of any family could help, advice, guide you to the best way f or your own good and not to make same mistakes that they might have done. A family will always be the main resource to come to for help. However, not all family members would be helpful in good means. Some relatives would be selfish and intolerant to you. Eventually one will notice if the advising is given in a good way or not. All human beings need someone who can talk to, someone to turn back on to, someone who would be there for you in the happiest and saddest moments. We all need someone to talk to because we have feelings for others.

Cuban Missile crisis and Cold War intelligence Term Paper

Cuban Missile crisis and Cold War intelligence - Term Paper Example The hallmark of the Cold War was that though confrontations occurred between these two super powers in different parts of the world in their attempts to enhance their spheres of influence, they never came into direct conflict with each either. Instead proxies took up the cudgels for the two competing super powers in these conflicts. This characteristic of the Cold War was good for humanity, as both possessed nuclear weapons in enough quantities to destroy each other and the rest of the world. However, the Cuban missile crisis in 1962 brought these two super powers close to direct conflict with each other and the possibility of nuclear destruction. The world watched with bated breath as the moves and counter moves went on for six days. The American ground forces were readied for the invasion of Cuba and the nuclear might of America was al set for delivery onto the Soviet. The order for these actions never came, as in the eleventh hour the Russian Prime Minister Nikita Khrushchev decid ed use the option for defusing the tension provided by President Kennedy of pulling out the troublesome missiles from Cuba in exchange for non-invasion of Cuba pledge by the U.S.A (Divine, 1988). Background. In April 1961 a Cuban exile force armed and sponsored by U.S.A was sent into Cuba to remove Fidel Castro and the threat of communism on the door steps of U.S.A. The result was a disastrous defeat of the Cuban exile force at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba. Almost a year later the Defence minister of Cuba and younger brother of Fidel Castro paid a visit to the Soviet Union. The result of this visit was the despatch of Soviet Union military personnel and weapons to Cuba on the plea that Fidel Castro required the support of the Soviet Union to defend Cuba against any invasion of Cuba by U.S.A. (Garthoff, 1989). Republican protests on the large military build up in Cuba started in the U.S.A., which became even more strident, when photographs taken by a U-2 plane overflying Cuba, revealed ongoing construction work for a surface-to-air missile (SAM) site, which was taken to be defensive posture by the Kennedy administration. The CIA perception of this was that it could be the prelude t o the more ominous introduction of SAM’s with offensive potential. Though the Soviet Union continued to deny any offensive posturing, Republican pressure on the Kennedy administration for a response began to mount. Subsequent CIA U-2 provided even more disquieting news of the Soviet Union building launching sites for their medium-range ballistic missiles and long-range ballistic missiles (Divine, 1988). America needed to respond now. Two options of response were studied. The first involved the use of the American Air Force to bomb the missile sites. The second was a blockade of Cuba by the American Navy to prevent the transportation of any missiles to Cuba. The second option became the chosen response, for it provided the benefit of slow escalation. The Soviet response was to challenge the blockade. However, better sense prevailed and there was no attempt to break the blockade. Instead, the Russians agreed to withdraw the offending missiles, stop the missile site build-up, an d withdraw the Russian bombers capable of delivering nuclear bombs that were stationed in Cuba. In response U.S.A. declared that it would not invade Cuba (Divine, 1988). Cold War Intelligence Evaluation of the American intelligence activities from the start of the Cold

The concept of natural laws vs. human laws in the Decameron Essay - 1

The concept of natural laws vs. human laws in the Decameron - Essay Example The stories are concerned with a lot of things but it is the everyman hero which comes out on top rather than a Christian knight or a great king. Topics such as love, practical jokes, the hypocrisy and corruption of the clergy are all covered and often the hero of a tale comes from the mercantile class which was coming up at the time (Barolini, 1983). Since the audience itself was largely composed of individuals from this class, their notion of natural law being more important than human laws is certainly reflected in how the tales take shape. For example, in the very first tale a sinner is canonized as a saint which not only shows the fallacy of human law created by clergymen but also the power of natural law as the man who did wrong in his life was not appreciated by anyone expect the foolish priest who came to see him. In the same series of tales of the first day (sixth and ninth tales), we see examples of how disputes can be better resolved by words amongst individuals rather than resorting to the proper application of the law which might have resulted in the detriment of all concerned parties. It must be noted that Boccaccio does not seek to eradicate laws or even consider them bad since many laws are good for protecting the people. However, laws which make no sense to him or those which he considers archaic traditions are ridiculed extensively. As a replacement of those laws, Boccaccio shows us that natural laws are not only their equal but perhaps an improvement since they result in more equitable answers. The tales of the second day directly connect with this since they all deal with an individual losing his fortune and then through the workings of natural law is restored to his fortune while winning out over those who oppose him. In fact, to take it a step further, it can be said that the relationship between natural law and human law in the

Writing project Part 1 (Memo) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing project Part 1 (Memo) - Essay Example Currently†©I†©am†©a†©student†©in†©_____(your major or subject on the blank) and the topic that I am discussing is not only relevant to me but to all students regardless of the course they are taking because we all eat in our cafeterias. This issue had been around for quite some time already and there seems no action done to correct the situation. Raising the issue even through an academic paper will help raise awareness on the issue and hopefully, the kind of food we eat in our cafeteria will improve. I attached the source of Ann Cooper’s talk in Ted for the whole speech to be appreciated as well as related literature and a documentary that will provide more depth about Ann Cooper’s assertion. The related literature is about an article about Michael Pollan’s â€Å"Omnivore Dilemma† where it explained how our source of our food is becoming a factory and is no longer grown the way it used to be. Worst, industrial farm factory and the use of GMOs are even packaged to be a better food source than organic farming. This is supplemented by the documentary film of â€Å"Food Inc† where it provided a vivid display of the transformation of our food from naturally grown to factorization courtesy of big

Educational Strategies Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Educational Strategies - Annotated Bibliography Example Then he has explained several teaching approaches which may promote students' learning. He has made an effort to distinguish between teaching approaches and learning approaches to create a balance between the two. The author of this book is an education expert and has presented her views about classroom management after observing around 35000 classrooms. She has guided the teachers how an effectively managed classroom assists in developing self discipline among students, creates a bond and connection between teachers and taught, resolves time and space matters, promotes congenial learning environment and prevents misbehavior. This book has introduced teaching strategies on the bases of drama. It emphasizes that this drama based teaching bridges the gap existing in intercultural learning and speeds up the comprehension of children of a given play and they learn it through their own role playing for being fully involved. According to author the drama simply doesn't tress the educational purposes but it is an interplay of body and language and directs the learners towards new insights. The purpose of this study was to link consultant and teacher verbal interaction patterns to consultation outcomes. The author found teacher influence within the Problem Identification (initial) Interview to be positively associated with outcomes; here teacher PAI influence was negatively associated with outcomes. Implications include the need to examine consultation as a process and the role of influence within this process. 6. Figgis, J., Butorac, A., Clayton, B., Meyers, D., Dickie, M., Malley, J., & McDonald, R. (2007). Advancing Equity: Merging 'Bottom Up' Initiatives with 'Top Down' Strategies, Adelaide: National Centre for Vocational Education Research, pp. 12-16. This article is about one of the principal strategies for improving vocational education and training (VET) outcomes for equity groups has been to provide targeted funds that enable VET practitioners (either alone or in partnerships) to design and experiment with new approaches. The funding is understood to be 'seed' funding for a limited time and is intended to test whether the initiative 'works'. The author has emphasized the importance of vocational training for equity groups. 7. Gorlewski, J. (2009). Research for the Classroom, English Journal, (High School Edition), Urbana, 98(4),

Environmental Legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Legislation - Essay Example To critically examine this concept in order to reach an acceptable conclusion of the essay. However, there is need to know exactly what the Subsidiarity concept means not only in a European union perspective but a global perspective as well. Subsidiarity as a principle states that matters need to be handled or addressed by the smallest or lowest(in case of an hierarchical order) competent authority on any given field(Bernie, P. & Boyle, A., 2002). By applying the Subsidiarity principle, we mean that any central authority or government needs to have subsidiary functions performed by officials who are closest to the root problem. This rule however does not overlook the role of a superior authority as long as the superior authority can perform the task more effectively and efficiently at the local level. Subsidiarity is the guiding principle for defining the boundary between Member State and EU responsibilities. If the area concerned is under the exclusive competence of the Community or the Member States, the question does not arise. If instead the competence is shared between the Community and the Member States, the Subsidiarity principle clearly establishes a presumption in favour of devolution. In other words, only if the lower decision-making level (local, regional, national) cannot act sufficiently and effectively, can the Union take action With this respect, the European constitution presently being ratified will provide for the enhancement of the Subsidiarity principle. This will be particularly be done by a means of an outright obligation by the established institutions of the union to directly inform the national governments of all member states, at each and every stage of the legislative process. This will be aimed at restoring the faith within the union as well as being a means of bringing member states closer to the drawing board. On top of this the there will be the establishment of an early warning system. This system will assist in commanding respect for the Subsidiarity principle since it will enable parliaments of all member states to request the commission to review any piece of legislative proposals if the member state feels that it violates the Subsidiarity principle. CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF EU SUBSIDIARITY CONCEPT: The major objective of the European environmental policy is to protect, improve and preserve environmental quality. In addition to this it is also geared towards the protection of human life, with these tasks at stake it also has to ensure that natural resources are utilized sustain ably. It also seeks to enhance international measures to combat environmental problems both regionally and internationally (article 174 of the European commission treaty). For example, a legislation may be passed designed to set allowable levels of emissions or pollution whether water or air pollution (bell, 2006). Other environmental laws and legislations are designed for a preventive role. These types of laws seek to assess and analyse the possible impacts of human activities and devise means to avoid such activities ever-taking place on legal grounds. Environmental law emerged as a distinct system in the 1960s in some of the major industrial nations like the U K, France

The Automotive Industry 1945-1960 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Automotive Industry 1945-1960 - Term Paper Example â€Å"After World War II there was a striking expansion of motor vehicle production. During a 35-year period the total world output increased almost 10-fold. Among individual countries the United States was the leading producer until the recession of the early 1980s† (Automotive Industry) Science and Technology developed rapidly during the period of 1945-1960 so that industrial sector, especially the automobile industry got huge benefits. â€Å"The American work force also changed significantly. During the 1950s, the number of workers providing services grew until it equaled and then surpassed the number who produced goods. And by 1956, a majority of U.S. workers held white-collar rather than blue-collar jobs† (The Post War Economy:  1945-1960) â€Å"Gross national product, a measure of all goods and services produced in the United States, jumped from about $200 thousand-million in 1940 to $300 thousand-million in 1950 to more than $500 thousand-million in 1960† (U.S. Department of State). A substantial portion of the GDP growth during this period was contributed by the automotive industry. Even though recent recession caused some problems in American automotive industry, it is still one of the largest employment sectors for Americans. It should be noted that cold war started between America and Soviet Union immediately after the end of WW2. However, United States enjoyed phenomenal economic growth during the cold war period. America cemented its place as world’s wealthiest nation during this period mainly because of the contributions of the automotive industry. This paper analyses the effect of the Cold war on the Auto Industry, both at the business to business level and business to consumer level. Between 1945 and 1960 some 30 million Americans moved to the suburbs, the growth of which was a huge boon to the auto industry. By the early 1950s the auto industry faced a crisis of falling unit demand, as most families now owned a car . At the same time working people’s discretionary spending was rising. Given these factors, the Big Three (GM, Ford and Crysler) moved to increase each car’s size and array of new gadgets, and at the same time increase the frequency of the introduction of new models (Rooke). GM, Ford and Crysler are the three automobile companies which put strong foundations to the growth in American automobile industry. These companies have introduced many new models of vehicles during the period of 1945 -1960. These three companies started to compete each other and the result was the huge growth in American automobile sector. Consumers started to get vehicles with greater fuel economy and better safety measures because of the competition between the three. â€Å"By 1950 the Big Three offered their customers 243 different new car models. With a major body change costing upwards of $200 million, by 1955 the Big Three controlled 94% of the entire US market†(Rooke). It is an accep ted fact or economic principle that when competition increases, consumers will be benefitted since heavy competition forces companies to reduce the prices of their product and services. However, this principle was not true during the period of 1945 -1960, at least in American automobile sector. Even though competition intensified between the big three, instead of a price dip a price hike occurred for different car models in America during this period. This phenomenon was occurred mainly because of the huge economic growth that happened in America after the end of

External Envrionment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

External Envrionment - Essay Example Mr. Curran Dandurand was thinking of the dynamics of the organizations international marketing operations. For more that fifteen years, the company had sold products outside the united states of America. However, when it came to 1992, out of the totals sales of $1billion, the company’s international sales accounted for only 11 per cent. This is opposite to Avon, a rival company which delivered more that 55 per cent of a total of $3.6 sales from the international markets in the same year. The company got a chance to venture into the international market. Among the international market ventures included launching of its operations in Japan. Japan is considered a mature market but then it happens to be lucrative in its operations. The other major market is the rapidly upcoming market in china. China happens to be quite unknown but the potential is enormous. Mary Kay Cosmetics Company was in competition for customers in both direct selling and cosmetics industries. Just to mention , the major competitor in the united states in 1992 were four companies. They included Avon, L’Oreal, Revlon and Procter & gamble. When it came to international marketing, Argentina and Australia were not chosen because of reasons bent on the company’s strategy. However, the company had a presence in many other countries and was hoping to do extremely well. In Canada, the Mary Kay cosmetics company was perceived as outdated, a clear indicator of its poor market analysis as a new entrant. This was in accordance to the research that was conducted. All this happened in the year 1992. This definitely tainted their image. Mary Kay Company needs a renewed approach that pays attention to the needs and culture of the local markets. Customers’ thoughts about a product are of utmost importance, because it determines how they shall respond to the same product. The Mary Kay cosmetics company had a lot of work to do after it suffered a low brand image. This may as well mean that the company never took enough time to understand the market requirements of the Australians. The brand image was positive in Mexico. Many people were aware of the brand in the same country. The company had rapid expansion in Taiwan, which was able to raise $3.3 million through sales. One of the mistakes Mary Kay Cosmetics Company did was to apply US market strategies directly without an acute understanding of the other markets. To be more specific, the company used the same marketing strategies used in the United States in new markets. These strategies were not even modified to pay any special attention to the new market requirements. This can be done through forecasting which could play a great role in learning the behavior of the market (Mullins, Boyd & Walker, 2010). Instead, Avon paid attention to the needs of the local markets. This included setting apart enough resources for international marketing strategies. This was important as a new entrant. Avon did not ignore other new market entrants. Mary Kay Company downplayed the implications and threats of other new entrants. Besides, in some markets the consumers were not aware of the products and services associated with Mary and Kay Cosmetics Company. Definitely, this led to low brand awareness that ended up hurting the overall sales of Mary Kay incorporated. One of the requirements of successful marketing is an acute understanding of the needs of the market. This on its own is not enough. After understanding the needs

Consider the Consequences of Reducing a Balance of Payments Deficit Essay

Consider the Consequences of Reducing a Balance of Payments Deficit - Essay Example So as the consequences are the results of relative actions/measures, it makes sense to review the measures of reducing the BOP deficit and consider the impact of each measure on economics. Definition of balance of payments and balance of payments deficit Pippenger (1973, p.6) defines balance of payments as a record of the value of all transactions between foreign and domestic residents over a certain period of time, usually one year; the balance of payments is based on the principle of double entry bookkeeping where the dollar value of every transaction is recorded as both a debit and a credit (Pippenger, 1973). Debit or minus entry in the balance of payments reflects the purchase or import of anything from a foreign partner, while a credit or plus item in the balance of payments reflects the sale or export of anything to a foreign partner (Pippenger, 1973). Applying double entry bookkeeping, the payments received for exports are recorded as debit and the payments made on imports are recorded as a credit (Pippenger, 1973). Balance of payments deficit is an imbalance in a nation’s balance of payments in which payments received by the country are less than the payments made by the country (Economic Glossary, n.d.). This term is also known as unfavorable balance of payments because less currency is flowing in to the country than is flowing out (Economic Glossary, n.d.). Thus, balance of payments deficit causes unequal flow of currency and results in reducing the supply of money in nation, imposing negative implications for unemployment, inflation, production, and other aspects of import-prevailing economy (Economic Glossary, n.d.). In order to minimize these implications it is necessary to understand better how balance of payments deficit can be reduced and what are the consequences of possible measures of reducing BOP? Measures of reducing BOP deficit and its consequences There exist different measures aimed at reducing balance of payments deficits; these measures are divided into two groups: automatic correction and deliberate correction of BOP disequilibrium. In this paper, we will review only deliberate measures as tools for reducing the deficit in BOP. Deliberate measures, broadly applied in different economics of the world, are differentiated by three main categories, including monetary measures, trade measures, and miscellaneous measures. Monetary measures – monetary contraction Monetary contraction or money supply allows a country to influence its level of aggregate domestic demand, demand for exports and imports, and price level of domestic production (Cherunilam, 2008). Contraction of money supply results is applied in order to reduce the purchasing power and consequently, aggregate demand of nation (Cherunilam, 2008). By adopting monetary contraction in the country, domestic output decreases, while domestic real interest increases. Increase of the rate of interest is caused in result of decrease in money supply (Dwiv edi, 2010). Increase in interest rate leads to reduction of domestic investment, and fall of investment leads to reduction of income levels of population (Dwivedi, 2010). Additionally, increase in the interest rate leads to the inflow of foreign capital, which reduces deficits in capital account of BOP (Dwivedi, 2010). In result, demand for imports is reduced because of the fall in domestic prices and domestic aggregate demand, while demand for

The Image of the Cyborg as it Appears in Metropolis and Blade Runner Essay Example for Free

The Image of the Cyborg as it Appears in Metropolis and Blade Runner Essay The appearance of the â€Å"cyborg† in science-fiction cinema began with the emergence of the dystopian science-fiction film— both events started with Fritz Lang’s silent film â€Å"Metropolis,† released in 1927 in Weimar Republic Germany, just before the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. Lang’s film, made as political allegory, shocked audiences with its complex plot, special effects, and political and religious themes. â€Å"Lang described Metropolis as a battle between modern science and the occult a kind of romantic fatalism that became the directors trademark in later works–[] scene after scene depicting a mechanized world gone madwhich influenced countless other filmmakers. † (Roberts 33)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Among these filmmakers was Ridley Scott, whose 1982 film Blade Runner (based on Philip K. Dick’s novel â€Å"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?) stands as an accomplished descendent of Lang’s pioneering work.   While neither film features traditional cyborgs (which are beings created from a synthesis of biological and robotic components) each film features the concept of technologically engineered, sentient life, which closely resembles human life, as a central symbol for the exploration of spiritual and moral themes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Central to Lang’s dystopian vision is a â€Å"mechanized world gone mad,† personified by the creation of a robotic double for the film’s heroine, a Christian leader named Maria, who is opposed by an evil scientist, Rotwang. The opposition of science and religion indicated by the character’s conflict demonstrates Lang’s intention to use themes which inject modern concerns (robotics and science) into the ages-old debates that had historically been associated with religion and philosophy. Lang’s vision is of a robotic construction of artificial life, whereas Ridley Scott, in Blade Runner used genetically engineered â€Å"replicants† as an example of artificially created life. The image of the â€Å"cyborg† is, for Lang, part-human and part-The Image of the Cyborg as it Appears in Metropolis and Blade Runner  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Page   -2- mechanized, a mechanical recreation of human form; for Ridley Scott, â€Å"replicants† are the image of the cyborg, being genetically altered, genetically specified humans designed by a corporation. For both film-makers, the image of the â€Å"cyborg† resulted in an image of evil and danger for humanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The very inclusion of modern technologies, or technologies which are closely extrapolated from existing technologies, presents a deviation from the hitherto prevailing â€Å"classical† visions of the Church. â€Å"Dystopia is very much part of the late twentieth-and early twenty-first-century mindset. We see it in films and adverts that dwell on dank futuristic images from a world where the last vestiges of individualism are slowly being expunged and machinery is our enemy.† (Mourby)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The enemy in â€Å"Metropolis,† as personified by Rotwang’s â€Å"evil† robotic doppleganger, presents a new hazard in the modern landscape: if human beings can create sentient life, what are the repercussions of this god-like power and for what purposes will this power be unleashed? The mission of Rotwang’s creation is to vilify and destroy the saintly Maria and in doing so, obfuscate her vision and her message of self-liberation to the oppressed laborers of Metropolis. Rotang aims to â€Å"ruin Maria by creating a robot in her imagea mechanical evil twinto deliver false testimony.† (Roberts 33)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lang’s use of the robot as a symbol of oppression and of deception marks his prosecution of the film’s religious allegory: the robot facsimile of Maria is intended as an ironic variation of the Creation myth, the Biblical notion of the creation of Adam and Eve. Rotwang functions as an inversion of God the Creator, and as Man the Creator â€Å"his main evil act is creating a false robot copy of a Christian leader, Maria. In other words, he gets his minion to pass as a Christian. He The Image of the Cyborg as it Appears in Metropolis and Blade Runner   -creates the robot to foment riots which will lead to the dictatorship of the master of Metropolis† (Tratner). In â€Å"Metropolis† the robot looks and appears as human, though it is actually a mechanical construction; in Ridley Scott’s later film â€Å"Blade Runner† the replicants are indistinguishable from human beings without a sophisticated series of psychological and neurological tests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The concept of robotics functions, for Lang, as a direct inquiry into the moral bearing of humanity and what significance human ethics play as the role of technology expands in society. If robots can be constructed so cleverly, so efficiently that they can â€Å"pass† for humans in society, then what societal consequences arise from this technology? In â€Å"Metropolis† the robot is envisioned as a minion of perverse human will; its likeness to humanity presents a special problem of evil int hat the robot, programed with foul intentions, can walk among humanity undetected for what it really is— as in the (particularly Hebrew) legends of the golem. However, the robot in â€Å"Metropolis,† while being similar to the golem myth, is a distinctly modern conception and one which carried the ancient Biblical connotations of Creation Myth and the human will to power, which in both traditional Christian terms and in the context of the film â€Å"Metropolis† is portrayed as â€Å"sinful.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lang’s strategy, as revealed in â€Å"Metropolis,† is to contrast the human will-to-power as illustrated by the mad scientist, Rotwang’s, efforts to gain the power of Creation, with the human will-to-individuality and liberty, which is portrayed via the workers’ struggle and Maria’s spiritual vision. In the end, Joh and Rotwang’s scheme â€Å" backfires as the socialites debauch and the workers revolt, unleashing a flood that nearly drowns a horde of innocent children. In the end, Freder and Maria prevail, reconciling Joh with the workers with the slogan, The mediator The Image of the Cyborg as it Appears in Metropolis and Blade Runner between brain and hands must be the heart. (Roberts 33)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lang’s ground-breaking film influenced untold subsequent film-makers and artists in all mediums; among them, Ridley Scott, whose dystopian science-fiction film â€Å"Blade Runner† incurs much debt to Lang for not only the visual and thematic ideas of â€Å"Blade Runner,† but for- the film’s central theme of genetically engineered human life-forms, which, like Lang’s treatment of robotics in â€Å"Metropolis,† comprises a symbol for ethical and religious themes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scott’s genetically engineered life-forms are called â€Å"replicants† and, as such, they are dissimilar from Lang’s robot in that replicants are biological, rather than mechanical, beings with physical, emotional, and mental characteristics selected and engineered by human scientists.   The central premise of the story is that a number of the replicants, having discovered that they were engineered to have only 3 year life spans, escape from their assignments in the off-world colonies and become renegades on earth in search of their creators, in search of life-extension.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While Lang’s film asked â€Å"What would happen if man could create a perfect robotic likeness of man and program it to do malevolent things?† Scott’s film asks â€Å"What moral decisions would artificially engineered beings make once they realized they were alive?† The resulting narrative, with its dystopian overtones, presents a variation on the Biblical Satan-as-God’s-Enemy. Satan, being the most glorious of God’s angels, rebels against his Creator, God, because of his great pride. In â€Å"Blade Runner† the replicant, Roy, is received by his creator Tyrell as the â€Å"prodigal son;† he then proceeds to murder his creator, Tyrell, because of his existential angst, being a mortal creature with merely his subjective experience in three years as â€Å"eternity.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scott’s take on the â€Å"man against machines† paradigm is a near-future vison for humanity, severed from superstition or magic (where there are traces of occultism in â€Å"Metropolis†) and The Image of the Cyborg as it Appears in Metropolis and Blade Runner lodged firmly within the capitalistic, technology-driven society that is our modern experience. The idea of hostile machines seems all-too-familiar and in fact plays a central thematic role in mid-to-late twentieth century American medai:   this innovation might result in   the creation of machines that would one day prove intelligent enough to attack us, an idea that lies behind such classic dystopian films as Metropolis, Bladerunner and the Terminator trilogy. (Mourby)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Blade Runner’s† replicants evolve the notion of apocalypse as being human engineered, rather than as the will of God. Humanity will bring about its own apocalypse, and part of this apocalypse are the replicants themselves, a symbol, not of man (or Satan’s) vanity, but of his greed. For Scott capitalism and greed take the place of â€Å"evil† and â€Å"sin† in Biblical reference. Where previously men had imagined: â€Å"The end would occur when the Divine Being had finally had enough of us and it would all be pretty nasty for all except those who had managed to get on the right side of him† man must now manage (by Scott’s reckoning) to throw â€Å"off its glum medieval certainties† and dare, like Lang, to speculate â€Å" about what life might hold in store for us long term.† (Mourby)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For both film-makers, the image of the cyborg, robot, or replicant offered a glimpse into the negative capacities of technology and scientific knowledge. Because in each case, the â€Å"cyborgs† closely resemble human beings, the image of the artificially created life-form is viewed as both negative and dangerous to humanity. The lesson of the images seems to be that the act of the Creation of life, though possible for humanity, is better left to God or Nature than to mankind. Works Cited Mourby, Adrian. Dystopia: Who Needs It? Adrian Mourby Shows That the Nightmare Scenario Can Be Both Dire Warning and Escapist Fantasy. History Today Dec. 2003: 16+. Roberts, Rex. Auld Lang Syne: A Restored Print of the Silent Classic Metropolis Includes Footage Not Seen since 1927. Insight on the News 5 Aug. 2002: 33. Tratner, Michael. Lovers, Filmmakers, and Nazis: Fritz Langs Last Two Movies as Autobiography. Biography 29.1 (2006): 86+.

Smart Corporate Marketing Objectives

Smart Corporate Marketing Objectives Marketing objectives should be based on understanding strengths and weaknesses, and the business environment you operate in. They should also be linked to the overall corporate strategy and So before you start marketing, set some objectives, SMART ones. What do I mean by SMART objectives? Well, its one of those business acronyms taught in all business and marketing qualifications, but unlike many others, this one is actually worth bothering with. Specific Your SMART objectives should be specific, detailed, well defined and results orientated. They should include exactly what has to be achieved and by who. Measurable Objectives are far more effective when they have a measure. For example to increase sales has little effect, but to increase sales by 25% gives you a specific measure to work to. This measure can then be evaluated and used to help form new SMART objectives in the future. Achievable Your SMART objectives must stretch you, but at the same time be achievable. There is no point in setting objectives that you wont be able to achieve for years, as you will soon lose motivation. Realistic Closely linked to achievable, realistic relates more to resources. Do you have the man-power, money, time and opportunity to achieve the SMART objectives? Is there something else that has to happen before you can make a start on that objective Timed Perhaps most importantly set deadlines for achieving your SMART objectives time frames are great at prompting action. It is worth noting that the marketing plan objectives should always lead to actual sales revenue. If not, you need to re-examine your marketing objectives and restate them so that they relate to sales results. In simple words marketing objectives should be: Clear and specific Tangible and measurable Be time-based, with a target achievement date Linking marketing objectives to corporate strategy Your marketing objectives should also be consistent with and indicate the priorities of the organization. This means that objectives should flow from the mission statement of your business, towards the financial objectives and to the rest of the marketing plan. A linked marketing objective could be to add pre-packaged garden soil as a new complementary product line to be offered with plant sales. To grow the business as per the strategic goal and meet the financial objective of 100,000 in extra sales, it has been calculated that a total of 7,500 bags will need to be sold at their selling price of  £100 each. ACTIONS REQUIRED TO ACHIVE MARKETING OBJECTIVES To run a business successfully, today, one must consider the need for publicity, an online presence, direct marketing, advertising, brand identity, word of mouth advertising, networking, viral marketing, pay-per-click advertising, search engine optimization, positioning, market segmentation, html email campaigns, experiential marketing, etc. Many of these activities are phase I functions that need to be considered and begun from day one of marketing. Here are 5 main factors to achieve the marketing objectives: Marketing should be broken into stages. Every marketing activity should be weighted by how well it addresses business objectives, then by investment and how fast it delivers return on investment. Also, the chronology is important. For example, it would be ineffective to run an html email campaign before developing and launching your web site. Time will be in short supply early on. Working with one marketing firm will help to streamline communication, reporting and execution. Start with publicity. If you are able to achieve some quality article placements in key media, you will be able to use that publicity in coming months/years and in other marketing vehicles to build brand awareness and credibility. Set reasonable expectations for response and return on specific marketing activities. Remember that your company is an unknown entity to your marketplace until you are able to begin building brand awareness and identity. This will take time. Dont change course from a marketing plan that isnt broken, simply because youre growing impatient in other aspects of your business. Be realistic about your budget. In business, you might or might not be able to invest in simultaneous, integrated initiatives. Likewise, if your budget needs to be amended, let your marketing team know. They will adjust the plan and schedule to meet that new reality. Detailed Review of plans and programs At this stage, you will need to review your overall marketing objectives into detailed plans and program. Although these detailed plans may cover each of the 7 Ps, the focus will vary, depending upon your organizations specific strategies. A company will focus for the 7 Ps around each of its products. A market or geographically oriented company will concentrate on each market or geographical area. Each will base its plans upon the detailed needs of its customers, and on the strategies chosen to satisfy these needs. These plans therefore are: Clear They should be an unambiguous statement of exactly what is to be done. Quantified The predicted outcome of each activity should be, as far as possible, quantified; so that its performance can be monitored. Focused The temptation to proliferate activities beyond the numbers which can be realistically controlled should be avoided. Realistic They should be achievable. Agreed Those who are to implement them should be committed to them, and agree that they are achievable. The resulting plans should become a working document which will guide the campaigns taking place throughout the organization over the period of the plan Measurement of Marketing objectives Continuous monitoring of performance, against predetermined targets, represents a most important aspect of marketing. However, perhaps even more important is the enforced discipline of a regular formal review. Again, as with forecasts, in many cases the best (most realistic) planning cycle will revolve around a quarterly review. Best of all, at least in terms of the quantifiable aspects of the plans, if not the wealth of backing detail, is probably a quarterly rolling review. Performance analysis The most important elements of marketing performance, which are normally tracked, are: Sales analysis Most organizations track their sales results and marketing .The more sophisticated track them in terms of sales variance the deviation from the target figures which allows a more immediate picture of deviations to become evident. `Micro-analysis, which is a nicely pseudo-scientific term for the normal management process of investigating detailed problems, then investigates the individual elements (individual products, sales territories, customers and so on) which are failing to meet targets. Market share analysis Few organizations track market share though it is often an important metric. Though absolute sales might grow in an expanding market, share of the market can decrease for future sales when the market starts to drop. Where such market share is tracked, there may be a number of aspects which will be followed: overall market share segment share that in the specific, targeted segment relative share -in relation to the market leaders annual fluctuation rate of market share Expense analysis The key ratio to watch in this area is usually the `marketing expense to sales ratio; although this may be broken down into other elements (advertising to sales, sales administration to sales, and so on). Financial analysis The bottom line of marketing activities should at least in theory, be the net profit (for all except non-profit organizations, where the comparable emphasis may be on remaining within budgeted costs).

Plastic Surgery Trends In South Korea

Plastic Surgery Trends In South Korea Plastic surgery is a special type of surgery involved both appearance and ability to function. Through plastic surgery patients appearance will be greatly improved. In modern society, Plastic surgery become a very popular with people and one of the most famous Plastic surgery country is South Korea .This paper provides an insight into history and status quo of the Korean Society of Plastic surgery. Based on the finding of the research, the paper draws the conclusion that plastic surgery technology has a lot of change and development which makes plastic surgery become cheaper and safer. Furthermore, there are many new plastic surgery trends formed to meet the needs of the beauty of the Korean people. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract.1 1. Introduction3 2. Discussion of findings3 2.1: History of the Korean society of plastic surgery3 2.2: South Korea is one of the world leaders in plastic surgery.4 2.3: Plastic surgery trends in South Korea.5 Conclusion.7 References..8 2 1. Introduction. In modern society, when the average quality of life in South Korea is rising, people tend to spend more time and money taking care for their appearance. The development of plastic surgery has help a lot people to fulfill their hope to be beautiful. Therefore, it become very popular in South Korea since its appearance. Plastic surgery has long been big business in the US, but now the trend is sweeping across Asia and South Korea was one of the most affected countries from this trend. Thus, this paper with the purpose of giving more knowledge about the history of plastic surgery of the Korean society, South Korea is the world leader in plastic surgery and Plastic surgery trends in South Korea. 2.Discussion of findings. 2.1: History of the Korean society of plastic surgery. It was around 1945 that there were no plastic surgery techniques available in Korea ( Korean society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons ). Doctors at the time had never heard the term plastic surgery. Nonetheless, after independence, the entry of Western doctors into Korea had brought opportunity for Korean doctors to be able to access Western journals and different medicines such as sulfa drugs and penicillin. At that time, the term plastic surgery was still not mentioned but there are still many documents written about Western doctors performing skin grafts on patients with facial and finger disfigurement and contracture due to severe and chronic necrosis of the skin, skin defects, and burns. In 1950, the Korean War broke out, a lot of doctors from the US and UN were mobilized to cure injured patients, began active treatment of injured patients (Korean society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons ). Among them, the US military doctors Dr. Millard and Dr. Stenstrom had arrived in Busan, they applied various plastic surgery techniques including reconstruction. However, they just concentrated only on their duties and did not intend to develop plastic surgery in Korea. In the mid 1950s ,the importance of plastic surgery was realized when Korean doctors who had learned advanced medicine abroad, including Europe and America , started to teach at colleges and universities in Korea (Korean society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons). Since then, the term Plastic surgery began to be known and widespread in Korea. In August 1961, Dr. Jaeduck Yoo- a professional in plastic surgery in the US , founded the plastic surgery department at Yonsei University Severance Hospital , thereby initiating plastic surgery as a special field of medicine and training specialists in the field for the first time in Korea (Korean society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons ) Since 1964, lectures were given to students on plastic surgery in the college of medicine at Yonsei University and training was given to plastic surgery specialists (Korean society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons). However, such training remained within the scope of general surgery. On May 15, 1966 , some 30 doctors from various fields of medicine, including general surgery, orthopedic surgery, ENT, and ophthalmology, who had an interest in plastic surgery established the Korean Society of Plastic Reconstructive Surgeons. Since then plastic surgery was invested and developed as a new field of medicine (Korean society of plastic and reconstructive surgeons). 2.2: South Korea is one of the world leader in plastic surgery. A decade ago, according to ARA n.d.,Plastic surgery is something that only the rich can think about , but now, plastic surgery has become so common that an estimated 30 percent of Korean women aged 20 to 50 had surgical or nonsurgical cosmetic procedures last year, with many having more than one procedure . In an effort to improve their beauty, 20 per cent of women between the ages of 19 and 49 in Seoul, the countrys capital city, admitted they had gone under the knife. Three in every four Korean women aging from 20-30 have undergone plastic surgery and the double eyelid surgery is the most performed one on women in this country. A quarter of Korean mother whose daughter is between the ages of 12 and 16 encourage their children to go to cosmetic surgery. Plus, there is the fact that more than a quarter of Korean graduate students are supposed to be fail in an interview because of their appearance; therefore, they have already undergone plastic surgery, in order to correct this error. In fact, not only women but men are willing to go under the knife in the name of beauty. Kang Jang-seok, who runs Man Nature in Gangnam, southern Seoul, said he opened my practice in 2005 as a hair-transplant clinic, but soon decided to open a small plastic-surgery clinic next to it to accommodate growing demand from male patients who wanted bigger eyes and more pronounced noses. Two years ago, he moved the clinic into a four-story building fully dedicated to reshaping men According to the latest statistics from the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons n.d., South Korea ranked eighth globally in 2010 in terms of the total number of surgical cosmetic procedures performed .There is nothing wrong if they had undergone plastic surgery so 73% of women encourage men to cosmetic surgery to improve their appearance. The change in attitudes can also attribute to the trend in which TV actors and pop idols no longer hide their cosmetic treatments.There are many Korean stars had went under the knife to make their appearance become more perfect. A member of the boy-band Big Bang confessed that he underwent surgery following a traffic accident but had also contemplated having his face changed to look more likely one or two movie stars he admired. Plastic surgery in Korea is becoming such a lucrative market that has apparently threatened some plastic surgeons in the United States. 2.3: Plastic surgery trends in South Korea. Less invasive facelifts The trend has been to use different techniques. With hybrid Future Lift, the optimal features of older-generation short-incision mini facelifts are fused with deep plane facelifts that gently lift underneath the muscle. So instead of a stretched look, you get a natural, rejuvenated look. Since the incision is smaller (about one quarter in length), it can be done through a telescope the same as open-heart surgery. Because the techniques are less invasive, the recovery time is 5-10 days instead of 4-6 weeks. New ways to restore facial volume. When we lose elasticity in our face, our cheekbone and jaw-line structure deflate, and the fabric of our skin starts to degrade. Doctors used to only focus on the sagging part.Hyaluronic Acid (Restylane and Juvederm) is a method focusing on adding volume to the face and reshape the face to have higher cheekbones, which is often associated with female beauty With fat grafting (also known as fat transfer) borrow fat from another part of the body, purify those fat tissues and transfer them back into the face.Thats a permanent result that adds volume back to the face. It minimizes the plastic look. Silicone breast implants. Over the past 25 years, because of advances in plastic surgical techniques, the esthetic quality of breast reconstruction has improved greatly. Before the early 1970s, breast reconstruction was a multistage procedure in which a distant random flap was transferred to the chest in a series of operations. The results were not always successful, nor were the reconstructed breasts consistently cosmetically pleasing (Nadine B. Semer, MD, 2001). Until 2006, the FDA re-approved silicone implants for cosmetic breast augmentation. They are safer and more durable, with thicker shells to prevent leakage. The inner silicone gel is more cohesive, so they dont ooze or spill if punctured. They often look and feel more natural than saline implants (which are just bags of salt water), with less rippling and better maintenance of shape. These re-approved silicone breast implants have been the gold standard for breast cancer reconstruction, and now cosmetic patients are benefiting from the improved impl ant as well. They come in hundreds of shapes and sizes, and can truly be customized to each patients personal goals and anatomic characteristics. Advanced body-contouring techniques. The increase of patients undergoing Bariatric surgery (gastric bypass, LapBand) has created a whole new population of patients with loose, hanging skin. Many people have lost 100 pounds or more, but remained dissatisfied before the advent of comprehensive plastic surgical techniques for body contouring. Anesthesia, peri-operative testing and planning including nutrition and exercise have optimized these patients. Combined operations involving arm, abdomen, leg and face-lifts are possible. Improved liposuction technology (ultrasonic, power-assisted, Vaser) may also be added for even better results Bià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n cà ¡c cà ¢u ngà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¯n nà  y thà  nh 1 cà ¢u dà  i Ä‘i Lasers to resurface the skin. When our skin tones are uneven, thats a sign of aging. Using Laser Treatment to target damaged skin by creating microscopic wounds to trigger collagen production, reverse the signs of aging and reduce hyper-pigmentation and age spots make people look naturally good. 6 Conclusion. From all the findings above, it is clear that several years ago, many people are afraid, embarrassed with cosmetic surgery and often try to hide but today plastic surgery is very normal thing for women and even men in Korea. Since the first time plastic surgery appears in Korea, plastic surgery technology has a lot of change and development which makes plastic surgery becoming cheaper and safer. Besides, there are many new plastic surgery trend formed to meet the needs of the beauty of the Korean people. 7

The Bedroom inThe Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman :: Yellow Wallpaper essays

The Yellow Wallpaper - The Bedroom As the story progresses in, The Yellow Wallpaper, it is as if the space of the bedroom turns in on itself, folding in on the body as the walls take hold of it, epitomizing the narrator's growing intimacy with control. Because the narrator experiences the bedroom in terms of John's draconian organization, she relies on her prior experiences of home in an attempt to allay the alienation and isolation the bedroom creates. Recalling her childhood bedroom, she writes, "I remember what a kindly wink the knobs of our big, old bureau used to have, and there was one chair that always seemed like a strong friend . . . I could always hop into that chair and feel safe" (Gilman 17). Ironically, Gilman's narrator cannot retire to the otherwise "personal haven" of the bedroom because she is always already there, enclosed within the attic room of John's desires, bereft of her own voice and personal history. The narrator's imagination is altogether problematic for John, who would prohibit his wife fr om further fancifulness: "[John] says that with my imaginative power and habit of story-making, a nervous weakness like mine is sure to lead to all manner of excited fancies, and that I ought to use my will and good sense to check the tendency. So I try" (Gilman 15-16). For Gaston Bachelard, who devotes himself to a phenomenological exploration of the home in The Poetics of Space, "imaginative power" is the nucleus of the home, if not the home itself. Memories of prior dwellings are for Bachelard a fundamental aspect of creating new homes based on a continuity with the past and past spaces. "[B]y approaching the house images with care not to break up the solidarity of memory and imagination," writes Bachelard, "we may hope to make others feel all the psychological elasticity of an image that moves us at an unimaginable depth" (6). Bachelard's "elasticity" infers that spatial depth and expansion are contingent upon a psychological flexibility of imagination. Gilman's narrator is nota bly denied this elasticity when her physician/husband attempts to prevent her from writing. "I did write for a while in spite of them," the narrator explains, "but it does exhaust me a good deal--having to be so sly about it, or else meet with heavy opposition" (Gilman 10).

Thoughts on the Color, Blue Essay -- Exploratory Papers

Thoughts on the Color, Blue During the time when polytheistic religions were widely practiced in Europe, colors represented ideas associated with the paranormal and the spiritual. In many cases, the color blue represented safety and protection. It was believed that if someone wore or carried something blue, the bearer would be protected from evil spirits. Over time, as patriarchal societies formed, the welfare of the male child took priority over the welfare of the female child. Since male children were more important, parents surrounded their sons with blue objects. This explains the common association of males and the color blue that exists even in modern society. A common practice among new families and couples with children on the way is to decorate the rooms of the infants with either blue or pink, depending on the gender of the child. Though some prefer a more neutral tone such as white or beige, blue or pink baby rooms can still be found. This practice promotes the association of the color to the gender and the gender to the color. When thinking of the color blue and ...

The Female Entrepreneurial Role in James M Cains Mildred Pierce :: Mildred Pierce Essays

The Female Entrepreneurial Role in James M Cain's Mildred Pierce A woman's place in the post-depression era is usually one where a woman would commonly be known to have a role in the economy; only to be waiting in her kitchen to cook for the "money-making husband." It was often rare to encounter one woman who had the ability to take her inner interests and turn them into an entrepreneurial role in society. Yet, through this novel by James M. Cain, one will encounter Mildred Pierce, in which Mildred uses her inner talent, and cooking. To redeem the long lost woman's role in the economy and the workforce. This inner interest of cooking was not kept inside the household as it has with millions of other woman in the United States; it was instead expanded into a successful capitalistic venture for Mildred. Gorgeous legs, great cook, and friendly disposition. Mildred used these attributes to survive a divorce and poverty and to claw her way out of the lower middle class. Yet Mildred also had a weakness, one being that she has failed to Veda’s standards. Mildred Pierce tries her best in order to please her daughter. She charts the rise and fall of a woman who makes and markets pies. When her husband loses his livelihood as a result of the Wall Street crash, Mildred takes work "as a waitress"(Mildred Pierce) in a diner. "Recognizing that she can produce better pies than the business currently has to offer, she rapidly becomes its supplier."(1,dirks) Then she opens a restaurant of her own, which leads to openings of several others. Mildred, a mother of two daughters, was left alone because of her husband, Bert. Mildred, capable of cooking meals as to a fancy restaurant she decides to utilize these techniques in opening her Own restaurant. Wally, a friend of Mildred's husband helps in organizing a place to build the new restaurant." For the first time in her life, Mildred felt the quick excitement of a conspiratorial deal. She comprehended the credit aspect of it, once Wally explained it, and she didn't need to be told how perfect the place was for her purposes."(93,Cain) Mildred able to use the abandon Pierce Model home she renovates, and turns it into a restaurant. She decided on a name, "Mildred Pierce" in which she only serves chicken and waffles and pies on the side.

Mrs. Mallard’s Heart Disease Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We are aware of different health problems, their causes and consequences. Mass media create favorable conditions in which we can find the required information and can be fully informed about our health. The information we get from television, newspapers, and online sources emphasizes the threat of heart diseases among women. We keep to the thought that heart diseases and strokes primarily hit men. Moreover, we cannot but admit that heart diseases are the major causes of human deaths. When reading the works of talented writers who lived earlier, we cannot but feel the impression of medical helplessness of that time. Many of us understand that the diseases described in earlier literary works are no longer threatening to the contemporary reader. Certainly, this does not mean that the discussed works lose their relevance, but modern state of medicine makes it possible to look at such works from a different angle. In The Story of an Hour, Kate Chopin has depicted a young lady with a heart disease; she died of heart attack caused by extremely powerful emotions. I am confident that our modern technologies and medicine could have helped Mrs. Mallard to avoid such tragic and evidently, too early death. Mrs. Mallard’s heart disease Kate Chopin was very distinct and explicit in her descriptions of Mrs. Mallard’s disease: â€Å"Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will – as powerlessness as her two white slender hands would have been. When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: â€Å"free, free, free!† The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body† (Chopin) Mrs. Mallard was young (Chopin). Her disease was well known and other family members were aware of her physical and emotional vulnerability. From the viewpoint of modern medicine and technology, Mrs. Mallard’s sister Josephine had been very cautious when she had to inform Mrs. Mallard of her husband’s death. At the moment of revelation, the words â€Å"free† uttered by Mrs. Mallard could either refer to her feelings towards her husband, or to the physical pain which was overwhelming and almost possessed her. Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with heart disease, and the coming doctors could only confirm she had died of heart disease. They were unable to do anything to save Mrs. Mallard or to prevent such tragic outcomes. In this context, the issue can be discussed from the two different viewpoints. First, modern technology and medicine would have saved Mrs. Mallard from death which has become the result of the heart attack: modern emergency rescue techniques and transportation make it possible to save a person’s life even in the most serious life-threatening condition. Second, modern technology and medicine would have prevented heart attacks and would guarantee Mrs. Mallard long, stable, and relatively healthy existence with minor limitations. She would have been able to live a long life if contemporary medicines and technologies had been available to her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Women are at risk for heart disease and heart attacks, just like men. In fact, heart disease is the leading cause of death among women over 65. American women are 4 to 6 times more likely to die of heart disease than of breast cancer† (Family Doctor). The problem is that the majority of women still treats heart disease as the traditionally male problem, and does not realize the threats it creates to their health. As always, medical problems are easier to prevent than to treat. This is why it is critical that the patients are aware of their health problems and are involved into the process of continuous medical care, which will prevent serious health complications and will provide a person with a chance to live. In her story Kate Chopin makes the reader aware of the fact that Louise was sick; however, was Louise herself realizing the seriousness of her heart disease? Probably, she was not. It is clear that her sister was more realistic in terms of Mrs. Mallard’s disease, and even if Louise herself knew her health problems, she did not care much about them. This was the biggest mistake she could make towards her health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The internet and other sources of information offer sufficient information on the methods of treating heart disease and preventing heart attacks. From the viewpoint of the continuous medical care, Louise could take several easy steps to make her life easier. First she could control her blood pressure and the symptoms of heart disease (Wilansky & Willerson 54). The blood pressure control can take several forms, but in case with Mrs. Mallard she could keep to a healthy diet, minimize the salt intake, and address the doctor for medicines which would lower blood pressure. Modern technologies make it possible to measure the cholesterol level; this option would provide Mrs. Mallard with the full information about her diet, and possibly adjust it to her health needs. There is one more essential aspect in treating heart disease: patients should be constantly alert when it comes to changes in their health or their perceptions (Orth-Gomer & Chesney 98). Patients are not to neglect the chest pain: â€Å"be sure to contact your doctor immediately if you suffer from pain in your chest, shoulder, neck, or jaw. Also notify your doctor if you experience shortness of breath or nausea that comes on quickly. If you are having a heart attack, the faster you can get to a hospital, the less damage will happen to your heart† (Family Doctor). Modern technologies and transport help reach the patient in the remotest area and provide the best medical assistance while the patient is being taken to the hospital.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To be objective, the discussed measures are also connected with significant constraints, and in order to guarantee the best health outcomes, Louise and her doctor would have taken these constraints into account. First of all, â€Å"women are more likely than men to have atypical heart attack symptoms such as neck and shoulder pain, abdominal pain, nausea, fatigue or shortness of breath† (Krantz & Mcceney 1013). It would be extremely difficult for Mrs. Mallard to identify the symptoms of a heart attack: it would practically impossible to visit the doctor each time she felt pain. However, we can conclude from the story that Louise was familiar with the symptoms of her heart disease; moreover, they were always similar or even the same. This is why it would be easy for her to prevent health complications in case she reported her pain and other symptoms in timely manner. The major threat heart disease creates for a woman is the threat of silent heart attacks, which are more probable among women, than men (Krantz & Mcceney 1015). As Louise felt the pain was coming and was embracing her chest, she could certainly prevent her heart attack.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Second, â€Å"women are less likely than men to have the typical findings on the ECG that are necessary to diagnose a heart attack quickly† (Orth-Gomer & Chesney 35). Yet, the mere awareness of the fact that the person has heart disease will lead medical professionals in the correct direction. They will know how to interpret the symptoms, and what to do to save the life of the patient. Women’s heart is unique both physiologically and emotionally, and even when it comes to science, medical specialists fail to explain the majority of the processes which take place in a woman’s heart. For example, â€Å"women are less likely to survive heart attacks than men. No one knows why. It may be that women don’t seek or receive treatment as soon as men, or it may be because women’s smaller hearts and blood vessels are more easily damaged† (Family Doctor). In any case, heart attack and heart disease is more threatening for a woman than it is for a man. This does not mean that for a woman to have sick heart means to be dead. On the contrary, numerous preventive measures are aimed at creating favorable conditions for those whose heart is vulnerable to emotions, stresses, physical exercises, and other related activities. If we take into account the extremely stressful situation in which Louise was, and neglect the reasons for which she had not addressed the doctors earlier in her life, she could have been saved. â€Å"Emergency percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or coronary stenting for acute heart attack is as effective in women as in men; however, women may have slightly higher rate of procedure-related complications in their blood vessels (such as bleeding or clotting at the point of insertion of the PTCA catheter). This higher rate of complications has been attributed to women’s older age, smaller artery size, and greater severity of angina. The long-term outcome of angioplasty or stenting however, is similar in men and women, and should not be withheld due to gender.† (Consedine, Magai & Chin 215) Taking into account Mrs. Mallard’s young age, she could have avoided the majority of procedure-related complications and would evidently have survived her heart attack. It is doubtless that Louise would be able to live a long life. Modern technology and medicine would supply her with several options. First, she would be able to go through the extensive medical investigation to discover the causes, implications, and possible risks of her heart disease. To be aware means to be alive when it comes to treating heart diseases. The results of investigation would provide Louise with the knowledge about possible measures to prevent heart attack or other related complications of her heart disease. Second, such investigation and medical analysis would help Louise adjust her daily life to the needs of her sick heart, and avoid significant stresses which have led her to death. Any extreme emotion is the stress for a weak heart, no matter whether it is sadness or joy, and a sick person must control such emotions to prevent the negative health outcomes (Consedine, Magai & Chin 214). Mrs. Mallard would have had access to preventive therapeutic solutions, which modern medicine offers. Preventive measures would significantly decrease health risks for Louise. Third, modern medical science possesses profound knowledge about the mechanisms of heart diseases and heart attacks; contemporary surgeons have numerous instruments and techniques available to restore the sick heart, and to guarantee long and full life to the patient after a heart attack. When combined with modern means of transport and emergency rescue, these instruments become invaluable in saving the lives of those who have suffered acute heart attack.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Kate Chopin’s story, Mrs. Mallard has died of heart attack, â€Å"of joy that kills† (Chopin). People may hold various opinions about her heart disease, but one thing is evident: Louise could have been saved in case she could use the modern achievements in medicine, technology, and science. Even if we assume that heart disease and heart attacks remain the major reasons of human deaths, more and more people are saved and receive timely medical assistance due to the latest advances in medical technology and science. Chopin has not presented us with all circumstances and objective conditions in which Louise’s disease had developed. The information in the story is sufficient to predict that the outcomes could have been much more favorable in case Mrs. Mallard could use telephone, transport, and medical equipment which are available to us. Heart diseases still create the majority of life-threatening complications, but the extensive scientific research has created vast opportunities for saving the lives of patients after a heart attack and other related health problems. The case of Mrs. Mallard was not connected with any other health complications: she was young, and her age would have made her recovery easier and faster. Female heart is extremely complex both physiologically and emotionally, but even such complications would not create serious obstacles against returning Louise to life. However, even if Louise had survived, no one knows how her family relations and continuous moral and emotional pressure would have impacted her future life. In certain conditions death can be viewed as savior. Works Cited Chopin, K. â€Å"The Story of an Hour.† 1894. Washington State University. 17 February 2008. http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/chopin.html Consedine, N.S., Magai, C. & Chin, S. â€Å"Hostility and Anxiety Differentially Predict Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women.† Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 50 (2004): 214-18. Family Doctor. â€Å"Heart Disease and Heart Attacks: What Women Need to Know.† 2007. FamilyDoctor. Org. 17 February 2008. http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/heartdisease/risk/287.html Krantz, David S. & Mcceney, M. â€Å"Effects of Psychological and Social Factors on Organic Disease: A Critical Assessment of Research on Coronary Heart Disease.† Annual Review of Psychology (2002), pp. 1012-1024. Orth-Gomer, K. & Chesney, M. Women, Stress, and Heart Disease. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998. Wilansky, S. & Willerson, J.T. Heart Disease in Women. Churchill Livingstone, 2002.